Sugarcane is a very important economic crop that relies heavily on agricultural machinery, which contributes to soil compaction and a consequent decline in productivity. Subsoiling operation reduces the problems caused by compression; however, it is necessary to know its location and intensity. Accordingly, the aim of this work is to present a compression diagnostic method based on soil resistance to penetration as the parameter that indicates need for intervention in the subsoil. Measurements of penetration resistance was carried out in areas of sugarcane, located in the municipalities of Goianésia, Barro Alto and Santa Isabel, in the Brazilian state of Goiás. The Falker penetrometer (PLG 1020) was used, adjusted to a maximum depth of 40 cm and adopted as a critical resistance value of 4.0 MPa. The data were interpolated using kriging and adjusted in AutoCAD 2013 (Autodesk). The methodology proved effective in areas of compacted soil, and the surface layer had less resistance. The reduction in soil preparation was 96.54% and when considering the topographic adjustments, the reduction was 74.07%, showing the viability and importance of the diagnosis to show the proper management.

The efficiency of waste from industrial processing has been increasingly studied in the control of phytonematoids, especially filter cake, coffee husks and sugar cane bagasse. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of organic residues through the use of filter cake to reduce the population density of Pratylenchus brachyurus (Tylenchida: Pratylenchidae). The first experiment was conducted in a greenhouse in the completely randomized design in the 2 × 4 factorial scheme (soybean genotypes vs. filter cake doses) with four replications using soybean genotypes AS 3810 IPRO and LG60163 IPRO and the second experiment was carried out under the same conditions, with maize AG 1051 with four doses of filter cake with 7 replications. In both experiments, the planting was carried out in an area located in the city of Goianésia, Goiás, Brazil. The results showed that the population density of Pratylenchus brachyurus in the maize crop to grow AG 1051 did not show statistically significant difference by applying the different doses of filter cake. In soybean genotypes AS 3810 IPRO and LG60163 IPRO were affected in ways contrary to phytonematoid infestation, in which AS 3810 IPRO showed a population increase according to the increase of the applied amounts of filter cake, whereas in the cultivar LG60163 IPRO there was a decrease for doses of 10 tonnes/ha-1 and 30 tonnes/ha-1, with an increase of only 20 tonnes/ha-1.

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The soybean crop is one of the most economically important crops in Brazilian agribusiness and in the world, with the expansion of the crop always linked to scientific advances and new production technologies. In view of the above, the objective of this study was to evaluate the production costs of twenty-one producing regions to determine the highest and lowest production costs in the first harvest in three agricultural years and in the summer harvest in two agricultural years, with the conventional and transgenic soybeans, in addition to comparing the cost of production of the cultivation systems. As for technical procedures, a descriptive research was carried out with statistical data provided by the National Supply Company. The agricultural years of 2018, 2019 and 2020 of soybean culture were analyzed in twenty-one Brazilian municipalities, located in the Brazilian states: Bahia, Distrito Federal, Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Paraná, Piauí , Rio Grande do Sul, Roraima and Tocantins. The region of Primavera do Leste - MT demonstrated a region with a high cost of production in comparison with other producing regions. The lowest costs varied between several regions, depending on the cultivation system employed. The production of transgenic soybeans proved to be the most profitable and promising option due to the lower production cost in relation to the cultivation of conventional soybeans.

The state of Goiás, Brazil offers a territorial division with well-defined areas in terms of water capacity. The water found in these dividers is used in various agriculture segments. There were identified in the Hydrographic Basins in the State, areas irrigated by central pivots used in irrigated agriculture that is developing very fast and this can become a problem if a control is not done. This study aimed to collect data, identify and quantify the distribution of irrigation systems of the central pivot type licensed and operating in a spatial format in the Hydrographic Basins in the State of Goiás. It raised digital data and physical media in order to understand how these were able to characterize the research area. It analyzed the maps, existing in the database of the State through digital (SIEG-State System of Statistics and Geographic Information of Goiás). With the use of AutoCAD programs, version 2018, there was utilized the geographic information plataform QGIS 2.14.19 with GRASS 7.2.1 has organized thematic maps of hydrographs and pivots. This material provided the possibility of compiling the fundamental data to structure the information that supports the descriptive dynamics of the number of pivots even in separate basins. This information analyzed and compared to other publications about pivots in Goiás contributed to the formation and elaboration of a data model for the year 2017. In the State of Goiás, Brazil, there is a total of 3,223 central pivot type equipment in operation irrigating an area corresponding to 234,226.12 hectares.

A presença de coração morto em cana de açúcar é reflexo do ataque da broca-da-cana (Diatraea saccharalis) sendo que 1% de intensidade de infestação reduz em média 0,77% da produtividade, 0,25% de açúcar e 0,20% de Álcool (GALLO et al., 2002). Um dos métodos de controle utilizados é o uso de diferentes inseticidas. Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a influência de dois inseticidas no índice de infestação de broca. O experimento foi conduzido no Pólo do Centro de Tecnologia Canavieira (CTC) Goiás Norte em Goianésia GO, utilizandose delineamento de Blocos casualizados com três repetições. Cada parcela foi composta por quatro linhas de plantas espaçadas com 1,5 m, com 100 metros de comprimento e 18 gemas por metro linear. Os tratamentos avaliados foram: T1 = Regente + Altacor + Prori Xtra nas dosagens recomendadas; T2 = duas vezes a dose recomendada de Altacor; T3: dose recomendada de Altacor; T4 = Regente + Altacor em dosagens recomendadas e T5 = Testemunha sem aplicação. Avaliou-se aos 60 dias após o plantio a intensidade de infestação (i.i) de coração morto e aos 90 dias o stand de plantas. Foi realizado ao fim do experimento a análise econômica com base nos custos de produção e produtividades. Os dados foram submetidos a analise variância pelo software estatístico Assistat. Para a intensidade de infestação, observou-se que o melhor tratamento foi o T4 frente aos demais com i.i. média de 0,66% enquanto o pior tratamento foi a testemunha com 4,35%. Quanto ao stand observou-se influência significativa apenas para o T1 sendo este tratamento o que apresentou maior número de plantas por hectare (média de 87.870). A análise econômica foi baseada nas revendas comerciais na Região de Goianésia em Abril de 2016, sendo que o custo de produção por hectare na região é de R$ 2500,00, onde o custo de aplicação foi de R$ 20,00/ha e a venda de tonelada da cana é em média R$ 51,00, diante deste exposto excluindo a testemunha o que teve menor custo de aquisição foi o Tratamento Alt. (Altacor na dose recomendada, apresentando ainda maior produtividade e maior retorno econômico, enquanto que Reg+Alt+PrioX é relativamente alto que se torna viável quando a produtividade for alta, porém a testemunha apresentou alto retorno econômico, mas é uma prática arriscada onde houver altas taxas de infestação de lagartas causadoras do "Coração Morto".Palavras-chave: Saccharum, Diatraea saccharalis, inseticidas, danos. ABSTRACTThe presence of a dead heart in sugar cane reflects the attack of the cane borer (Diatraea saccharalis), with 1% of infestation intensity reducing on average 0.77% of productivity, 0.25% of sugar and 0, 20% Alcohol (GALLO et al., 2002). One of the control methods used is the use of different insecticides. The aim of this work was to evaluate the influence of two insecticides on the borer infestation index. The experiment was carried out at the Center for the Sugarcane Technology Center (CTC) Goiás Norte in Goianésia GO, using a randomized block design with three replications. Each plot was composed of four rows of 1.5 m ...

Sugarcane is one of the crops that has been expanding more and more in Brazil, increasing its planted areas day after day and, consequently, its production of sugar and ethanol. This review aims to evaluate productivity and agronomic aspects resulting from production under localized irrigation. Independent researchers analyzed the databases; Science Direct and Scopus, without language restriction, for articles published between January 1990 and May 2018. We include articles with the following characteristics: (a) cane and/or Saccharum officinarum, sugarcane, (b) irrigation and/or water management, availability of sugarcane, availability of water for irrigation of sugarcane, cultivation with a larger irrigated area, increased productivity, coefficient of water requirement for cultivation (c) localized irrigation, cane drip irrigation and drip irrigation in sugar cane. Of the studies analyzed, 100% found beneficial effects of the use of localized irrigation on the productivity of sugarcane, some articles reported that the influence of the implantation cost is greater than in other systems, however, it was concluded that the localized irrigation it was superior in all the attributes analyzed in the present study as gain in the increase of the stem yield. Observing that the irrigation system was more productive in all comparisons.

ANÁLISE DE CUSTOS E DESEMPENHO AGRONÔMICO NA PRODUÇÃO DE ALFACE SUBMETIDA A NÍVEIS DE IRRIGAÇÃO E USO DE HIDRORRETENTOR     1JOÃO DE JESUS GUIMARÃES; LEANDRO CAIXETA SALOMÃO2; WELCIO RODRIGUES DA SILVA3; HENRIQUE FONSECA ELIAS DE OLIVEIRA4; DÉBORA REGINA MARQUES PEREIRA5 E MANOEL HENRIQUE REIS DE OLIVEIRA6   1        Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas – FCA – Unesp, Câmpus Botucatu, Avenida Universitária, 3780, CEP 18610-034, Altos do Paraíso, Botucatu-SP, Brasil, j-jesus.guimaraes15@hotmail.com 2     Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola, Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano-Campus Urutaí, Rodovia Geraldo Silva Nascimento Km 2,5, Zona Rural, Urutaí-GO, Brasil, leandro.salomao@ifgoiano.edu.br 3        Universidade Estadual de Goiás, Campus Goianésia, Rua 35, nº 436, Setor Sul, Goianésia-GO, Brasil, welcio_rs@hotmail.com 4        Departamento de Irrigação e Drenagem, Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano-- Campus Ceres, Rodovia GO 154, Km 03, s/n, Zona Rural, Ceres-GO, Brasil, henrique.fonseca@ifgoiano.edu.br 5        Prefeitura Municipal de Goianésia, Av. Mato Grosso, nº 61 - Setor Universitário, Goianésia-GO, Brasil, deboraagronomia@gmail.com 6     Departamento de Irrigação no Cerrado, Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano-Campus Ceres, Rodovia GO 154, Km 03, s/n, Zona Rural, Ceres-GO, Brasil, manoel.oliveiragro@gmail.com     1 RESUMO   Objetivou-se com este trabalho realizar a análise de custo e desempenho agronômico da alface crespa produzida em ambiente protegido submetida a diferentes níveis de irrigação e diferentes doses de solução hidroretentora. O trabalho foi realizado na área experimental do Instituto Federal Goiano - Campus Urutaí-GO, cujas coordenadas geográficas são latitude 17º29’10” S, longitude 48º12’38” O e altitude de 697 m, no período de dezembro de 2017 a janeiro de 2018. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial (4x5), com parcela subdividida e quatro blocos, em que se utilizaram quatro níveis de irrigação (50, 75, 100 e 125%) da evaporação obtida diariamente, junto ao tanque Classe A e cinco doses de solução de hidrogel (0, 50, 100, 150 e 200 g). Analisou-se o custo de produção considerando os gastos efetivos realizados durante o ciclo produtivo além das variáveis produtividade (PRO) e a eficiência do uso da água (EUA). Os níveis de irrigação e doses de solução hidrorretentora utilizados influenciaram significativamente as variáveis PRO e EUA. A lucratividade cresceu com o aumento das lâminas de irrigação e decresceu com a utilização do hidrogel.   Palavras-chave: análise econômica, hidrogel, Lactuca sativa L., viabilidade, lâminas de irrigação.     GUIMARÃES, J. J.1; SALOMÃO, L. C.2; SILVA, W. R.3; OLIVEIRA, H. F. E.4; PEREIRA, D. R. M.5; OLIVEIRA, M. H. R.6 ANALYSIS OF COSTS AND AGRONOMIC PERFORMANCE IN LETTUCE PRODUCTION SUBMITTED TO LEVELS OF IRRIGATION AND USE OF HYDRO RETAINER   2 ABSTRACT   The objective of this work was to perform an analysis of the cost and performance of crisp lettuce in a protected model, with different levels of irrigation and different doses of hidroretentora solution. The work was carried out in the experimental area of Goiás Federal Institute - Campus Urutaí-GO, geographic positions are latitude 17º29'10 "S, longitude 48º12'38" W and altitude 697 m, excluding the period from December 2017 to January 2018 (4x5), with subdivision of blocks using four levels of irrigation (50, 75, 100 and 125%) of the evaporation obtained daily, to tank Class A and five doses of hydrogel solution (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 g). The product was analyzed with the advantage of having achieved, during the productive cycle, productive changes and efficiency in water use (USA). Irrigation levels and doses of hydrocortisone solution may significantly influence PRO and US variables. Profitability increased with the increase of irrigation slides and decreased with the use ofhydrogel.   Keywords: economic analysis, hydrogel, Lactuca sativa L., viability, irrigation blade.