In this study the voice characteristics of normal male and female speakers are compared to those of two groups of patients with unilateral vocal fold paralysis. In order to enhance phonation, the patients in the first group compensate for the adduction deficiency which results from paralysis. The patients in the second group do not use compensatory strategies. Sustained vowels [i:, a:, u:] were produced by the speakers and scored for roughness, breathiness and hoarseness (RBH) by 8 raters. Although interrater agreement for RBH scores is only moderate on average, these percepts make consistent distinctions between the three speaker groups. Consistent but different distinctions are made between the three speaker groups for male and female speakers. The results show that male and female speakers should not be pooled in experimental studies of the pathological voice. Our results also indicate that female patients with a compensated unilateral vocal fold paralysis cannot be clinically evaluated solely on the basis of perception, because their voices cannot be distinguished from normal, healthy female speakers, despite their physiological impairment. The group distinctions made on the basis of RBH scores are supported by differences in the acoustic parameters which are derived by automatic analysis of the sustained vowels. Despite identical group distinctions for RBH scores and acoustic parameters, the acoustic basis of the percepts is not straightforward. Different acoustic predictors of the percepts were found for male compared to female speakers. Additionally, interrater differences point towards the presence of perceptual trading relations.
Crystal and Molecular Structure of 2-(l-[Alkyl, aryl)-2-acylhydrazino] -4,6-diaryloxy-1,3,5-triazine, C%oHloBrzNeOs The crystal and molecular structure of the title compound has been determined by X-ray diffraction techniques. It crystallizes in the monoclinic space group 1' 2Jc with coll parameters a = 8.760 .&, b = 26.863 .&, c = 9.678 A, and = 108.03". The structure was solved by the heavy atom method and refined by least-squares calculations to the convmtional R value of 0.075.Ilie Kristall-und nColekularstruktur der Titelverbindung wurde mit Hilfc der Itoritgunkristallstrukturanalyse hestimmt. Sie kristallisiert in der monoklinen Kaumgruppe L' 2Jc mit den Gitterkonstanten a = 8,760 A, b = 26,863 8, c = 9,678 A und @ = 106,03".Die Struktur wurde mit der Schweratomtechnik gelost und mit der Methode der kleinsten Quadrate bis zum R-Wert von 0,075 verfeinert.
Kebrle & Hoffma?za haben kurzlich uber das Stoffwechselverhalten substituierter Glutarimide berichtet und u. a. beobachtet, dass eine als Schlafmittel wirksame Verbindung, das a-Phenyl-a-athylglutarimid oder Doridenl) vom Hund in einem allerdings nur geringen Ausmasse in a-Phenyl-glutarimid (111) ubergefuhrt wirdz).I n der vorliegenden Arbeit berichten wir in Weiterfuhrung ahnlicher Untersuchungen, das Schicksal von Schlafmitteln betreffend3), uber Retention und Ausscheidung des a-Phenyl-a-Bthyl-glutarimides im Rattenorganismus. Es standen uns einerseits eine von J . KebrZe4) hergestellte ringsignierte Verbindung I, anderseits ein von H . flchmid & K . flchmid5) synthetisiertes, seitenkettensigniertes Doriden I1 zur Verfiigung. Die Darstellung und biologische Prufung des letzteren erschien im Hinblick auf die bereits erwahnte Abspaltung der AthylSeitenkette wunschenswert.Wurde zwei miinnlichen Ratten mittleren Gewichtes eine zum Schlafe zwingende Menge 14C-Doriden I per os appliziert, so liess sich diese Aktivitiit in Versuchen von 15l/,-stundiger Dauer zu 91,2 und S9,8% wieder auffinden. Aus Tab. 1 ist ersichtlich, dass nach dieser Beit rund 73 yo der aufgenommenen Aktivitat eliminiert wurden, wobei die Ausscheidung uber die Galle in den Magen-Darm-Traktus von der gleichen Grossenordnung war wie diejenige mit dem Harn.
Tlic crystal antl iiiolecular structure of thr: title compound has been deteriiiinrd by X-ray tliffractioii techniques. It crystallizes in the inonociinic space g r o q C2/c with ct.11 parai i i~t e r s a = 30.719 (8), b = 5.016(3), c = 10.946(8) ! I , and p = 106.08(3)". The striicture
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