We report on the activation of CO2 by the well-defined alkylzinc hydroxide (tBuZnOH)6 in the absence and presence of tBu2Zn as an external proton acceptor. The slight modifications in reaction systems involving organozinc precursors enable control of the reaction products with high selectivity leading to the isolation of the mesoporous solid based on ZnCO3 nanoparticles or an unprecedented discrete alkylzinc carbonate [(tBuZn)2(μ5-CO3)]6 cluster with the Zn-C bond intact, respectively.
The preliminary analysis of data obtained during the research project conducted in Outpatient Family Therapy Clinic, Department of Adult, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital in Krakow and in Laboratory of Psychology and Systemic Psychotherapy, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Jagiellonian University Medical College between 2010 and 2014 revealed that SCORE-15 is a useful tool in research on changes in the systemic family therapy process.
This paper discusses the impact of coagulation, ozonation and adsorption on the activated carbon, the content of precursors of chlorinated organic compounds. Coagulation guaranteed the effective elimination of non-biodegradable organic substances and essentially did not impact the biodegradable dissolvent organic carbon (DOC) concentrations. The coagulation process brought about a decrease in concentration for all analysed fractions of organic substances. The removal efficiency of organic substances was higher for mixed water than surface water (SW). Conversely ozonation lowered the biological stability of water by increasing the biodegradable DOC concentration, while only marginally causing the mineralisation of refractive substances. The non-biodegradable organic substances' mineralisation level for the water samples was between 0.00-1.35 g C/m 3 (for SW) and 0.02-0.46 g C/m 3 (for infiltration water). In general, a higher mineralisation level was registered for SW. Adsorption, despite its substantial removal effectiveness, did not cause the total elimination of high-molecular weight organic substances. In general, total and dissolved organic carbon was more effectively eliminated from SW, probably due to higher pre-adsorption concentration levels in SW. All analysed processes decrease the potential to create chlorinated organic substances through a disinfection process.
Abstract. The dependence between individual water quality indicators and the UV254 was presented in the paper. Derived dependences allow to calculate values for these indicators using only the absorbance measurement, which could be easily on-line monitored. This approach make possible to reduce number of performed laboratory analyzes, used for the efficient controlling of water purification process. Identified relations are not universally applicable even for individual specific water source. These could be described with sufficient precise only for water samples from particular treatment step. Presented methodology can be helpful for exploitation of real water treatment systems to quick and efficient evaluation of individual purifying processes.
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