Abstract. The dependence between individual water quality indicators and the UV254 was presented in the paper. Derived dependences allow to calculate values for these indicators using only the absorbance measurement, which could be easily on-line monitored. This approach make possible to reduce number of performed laboratory analyzes, used for the efficient controlling of water purification process. Identified relations are not universally applicable even for individual specific water source. These could be described with sufficient precise only for water samples from particular treatment step. Presented methodology can be helpful for exploitation of real water treatment systems to quick and efficient evaluation of individual purifying processes.
The aim of the presented study was to evaluate the effect of the ozonation process before activated carbon adsorption on organic substance removal effectiveness and the adsorption process as a whole. The study was conducted in two flow-type water treatment systems: the reference and the test system. Both systems functioned continuously with a throughput of 3 m 3 /h, supplied by water uptake from Oława River. Water was subjected to coagulation, sedimentation, rapid filtration, ozonation (reference system only) and adsorption. Such a configuration of processes allowed for a comparison of the effectiveness of organic substance removal during adsorption preceded by ozonation. Generally, the removal efficiency of dissolved organic carbon decreased with time since the study started, corresponding to decreasing bed adsorption capacity. The novelty of the research is the combination of chemical analysis with the microbiological aspect. Chemical transformations prove more effective in removing organic compounds by the use of the ozonation process before the activated-carbon filters. The assessment of the microbial content flushed into water indicates an increased development of biofilm in the reference system, which also intensifies the removal of organic compounds. The specific UV absorbance values after the adsorption process in both systems indicate the presence of organic substances of low molecular mass.
a b s t r a c tThe paper presents results of the studies on the removal of chromium ions (Cr 2 O 7 2-) from multicomponent water solutions in the process of Donnan dialysis with anion-exchange membrane. The feeding solution contained the following salts: NaNO 3 , NaHCO 3 , NaCl (with a concentration of 3 mM for each component), and Na 2 Cr 2 O 7 (with concentrations of 100, 300, or 500 μg Cr(VI)/L). The Donnan dialysis process was conducted using a laboratory dialytic set-up equipped with 10 cell pairs with anion-exchange membranes, Selemion AMV (Asahi Glass, Japan) or Neosepta ACS (ASTOM Corp., Japan). The total working area of the membranes was 0.0756 m 2 . NaCl solutions with concentrations of 100, 200, or 300 mM were used as receivers. The best effects of the anion exchange were obtained in the process with Selemion AMV membrane. Dichromate ions were efficiently removed from solutions with initial concentrations of 100 and 300 μg Cr(VI)/L, at a relatively low salt concentration in the receiver equal to 100 mM NaCl. As a result of the anion exchange, chromium(VI) concentration was reduced to the value of 14 and 45 μg Cr(VI)/L, respectively, that is, below the admissible value for potable water (50 μg Cr(VI)/L). Mono-anion-selective membrane Neosepta ACS allowed to achieve satisfactory results of dichromate ion removal from the solution with a concentration of 100 μg Cr(VI)/L -chromium(VI) concentration was reduced to the value of 13 μg Cr(VI)/L (at the salt concentration of 100 mM NaCl). It should be underlined that for Neosepta ACS dichromate ions flux was three times lower than it was for Selemion AMV (0.030 × 10 -3 and 0.089 × 10 -3 mol/m 2 h, respectively). It standed for an adequately longer time of the anion exchange process with Neosepta ACS membrane.
Abstract. The presence of organic substances in the water intaken for consumption could be hazardous to human health due to the potential formation of disinfection by-products (TOX). The study were carried out in the pilot surface water treatment system consisting of coagulation, sedimentation, filtration, ozonation, adsorption and disinfection. Due to continuous operation of the system and interference with the parameters of the processes it was possible not only assess the effectiveness of individual water treatment processes in removing TOX, but also on factors participating on the course of unit processes.
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