In this review examples of functionalization reactions of calixarenes are presented with those involving the wide rim being presented first, followed by those involving the narrow rim, and then by reactions involving functionalization of both rims. The application possibilities of the obtained compounds are also described.

The review consists of two parts. In the first part applications of calixarenes as sensors are described, paying attention to sensors of metal ions. The second part is concerned with other special applications of calixarenes.

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In this paper the syntheses and reactivity of calixarenes functionalized at their meso positions are reviewed. First the calixarenes substituted at one, two and all meso positions are described; they are followed by presentation of ketocalixarenes.

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In this review calixarene complexes with copper, silver, gold, zinc, cadmium and mercury ions are described, showing their properties and application possibilities. In some cases also resorcinarene and pyrogallolarene metal complexes are presented. The attention is paid to species interesting in the search of artificial enzymes.

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