-This study developed a methodology for callus induction in leaf segments of B. verbascifolia and evaluated the bioactive phenolic compounds production. Leaf explants were cultured in MS medium with 30 g L -1 sucrose, solidified with 7 g L -1 agar supplemented with 2,4-D (0; 4.52; 9.05; 18.10 M) and BAP (0; 4.44; 8.88; 17.75 M ) in the presence and absence of light. Forty-five days after inoculation we assessed the percentage of callus induction, color, consistency, fresh and dry matter, total phenols, flavonoids, tannins contents, and chromatographic profile by HPLC-DAD method. Callus induction occurred only in medium with growth regulators. Maximal induction (100%) was found in medium containing 2,4-D combined with BAP in the presence and absence of light. We obtained friable and compact callus in yellow, green, and red. Culture media containing 4.52 M 2,4-D + 4.44 M BAP induced 100% of friable callus with higher fresh and dry weight in the absence of light. The callus produced higher amounts of total phenols and flavonoids than the initial explant.

ABSTRACT.A protocol for the in vitro germination and callus induction in Pyrostegia venusta, a medicinal plant species from the Brazilian savannah (Cerrado) is provided. The establishment of cultures of P. venusta was originally obtained from seeds germinated in vitro and induced callus directly from leaf explants of seedlings. Seeds were germinated on MS and WPM media containing 100 and 50% of salt concentration, supplemented with 30 g L Germinação in vitro, indução de calos e teores de compostos fenólicos em Pyrostegia venusta (Ker Gawl.) Miers RESUMO. É apresentado um protocolo para a germinação in vitro e indução de calos em Pyrostegia venusta, uma espécie medicinal do Cerrado. O estabelecimento de culturas foi obtido a partir de sementes germinadas in vitro e a indução de calos diretamente de explantes foliares das plântulas obtidas. Sementes foram germinadas em meios MS e WPM contendo 100 e 50% da concentração de sais, suplementado com 30 g L -1de sacarose. A calogênese consistiu na inoculação de segmentos foliares em meio MS acrescido de 2,4-D ou BAP, na presença ou ausência de luz. A percentagem de germinação foi 85%, em média. Partes aéreas e raízes de plântulas obtidas em meio WPM com 50 e 100% da concentração de sais, apresentaram elevados teores de compostos fenólicos totais e flavonoides, em relação àquelas obtidas em meio MS. Calos induzidos com menores concentrações de 2,4-D apresentaram maiores valores de matéria fresca e seca. Todos os tratamentos proporcionaram a obtenção de calos com teores de compostos fenólicos totais e flavonoides iguais ou superiores ao explante inicial, com destaque para os tratamentos com 9,05 μM de 2,4-D e 8,88 μM de BAP, na presença e ausência de luz e 17,75 μM de BAP, na ausência de luz.

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Oral mucositis (OM) is one of the main adverse events observed during the treatment of neoplasms, especially in relation to head and neck (H&N) cancer. Complications, initially non-infectious of OM, can significantly compromise the chosen therapy, extend the hospitalization period and decrease the quality of life of patients with H&N cancer. Therefore, the present work presents a narrative review that gathers, presents and discusses studies on the relationship between the topical application of chamomile-based pharmaceutical products and the treatment of oral mucositis, with an emphasis on its effectiveness. A literature search was conducted in August 2021 using PubMed, Scielo and LILACS. From literature search was identified 869 papers, of which 06 were selected to answer the guiding question of this study. Finally, it could be seen that chamomile has great potential to help manage OM, as well as other oral complications, especially in cases of patients undergoing H&N cancer treatments using radiotherapy. Furthermore, formulations containing chamomile have been shown to be effective in slowing the progression of OM grades. However, it is necessary to evaluate in each formulation, the possible impacts of each pharmaceutical adjuvant, as well as the adverse events capable of increasing pharmacotherapeutic adherence.

All plant parts of the Moringa oleifera can contain relevant concentrations of phytochemicals with health benefits. Plants grown in vitro allow pathogen-free plant material production and rapid propagation, and this technique is widely used to obtain secondary metabolites. This study analyzed how light spectrum quality affects growth, chlorophyll, and total phenolic content in M. oleifera plants grown in vitro. M. oleifera seeds were inoculated in MS medium supplemented with 3% sucrose and 0.7% agar and were stored under a controlled temperature, humidity and photoperiod. The light conditions tested were white fluorescent lamps (WFL) and light-emitting diodes (LED: 70% red + 30% blue), both standardized with a photon flux density of 58 μmol m-2s-1. Radiation emitted by WFL and LED did not influence stem germination, height, or diameter. However, WFL provided higher total chlorophyll levels. All plant parts germinated in vitro were analyzed via high-performance liquid chromatography with a diode-array detector (HPLC-DAD), and preliminary analyses revealed preferential synthesis of gallic acid derivatives in the leaves under LED radiation. For the total phenolic content, leaves under the LED and WFL irradiations showed 3.524 ± 0.054 and 3.805 ± 0.304 micrograms, respectively, of gallic acid equivalents per milligram of dry matter (μg GAE mg-1 DM). Light quality did not interfere with phenolic compound accumulation; however, it stimulated the preferential synthesis of gallic acid derivatives in leaves grown under LED radiation, and the evidence indicated that all evaluated organs synthesized nonpolar substances.

Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) is responsible for the transmission of lymphatic filariasis. The search for natural sources of new insecticides to control mosquitoes has intensified in recent years. Tecoma stans is an exotic species in Brazil, known as "ipê de jardim". T. stans pericarps were extracted with hexane in Soxhlet apparatus, and fatty acids (FA) and methyl esters (FAME) were obtained by transesterification reaction of hexane extract (HE). HE, FA, and FAME were evaluated against 3 rd. and 4 th. instar larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus. Analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) identified the hydrocarbon nonacosane (81.69%) as the major compound in HE, and linolenic (16.89%), linoleic (16.83%), and palmitic acids (21.00%) were predominant in FA.FA and HE, at a concentration of 250 g/mL, promoted mortality of 81.67% and 68.66% of larvae, respectively. HE and FA obtained from T. stans pericarps have larvicidal potential for the control of C. quinquefasciatus.