Background: Cardiac manifestations in COVID-19 are multifactorial and are associated with increased mortality. The clinical utility and prognostic value of echocardiography in COVID-19 inpatients is not clearly defined. We aim to identify echocardiographic parameters that are associated with 30-day clinical outcomes secondary to COVID-19 hospitalization. Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted in a large tertiary hospital in New York City during the COVID-19 pandemic. It included 214 adult inpatients with a laboratory confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assay (RT-PCR) for SARS-CoV-2 on nasopharyngeal swab and had a transthoracic echocardiogram performed during the index hospitalization. Primary outcome was 30-day all-cause inpatient mortality. Secondary outcomes were 30-day utilization of mechanical ventilator support, vasopressors, or renal replacement therapy. Results: Mild right ventricular systolic dysfunction [OR:3.51, 95% CI:1.63â7.57, p=0.001], moderate to severe right ventricular systolic dysfunction [OR:7.30, 95% CI:2.20â24.25, p=0.001], pulmonary hypertension [OR:5.39, 95% CI:1.96â14.86, p=0.001], and moderate to severe tricuspid regurgitation [OR:3.92, 95% CI:1.71â9.03, p=0.001] were each associated with increased odds of 30-day all-cause inpatient mortality. Pulmonary hypertension and moderate to severe right ventricular dysfunction were each associated with increased odds of 30-day utilization of mechanical ventilator support and vasopressors. Conclusions: Right ventricular dysfunction, pulmonary hypertension, and moderate to severe tricuspid regurgitation were associated with increased odds for 30-day inpatient mortality. This study highlights the importance of echocardiography and its clinical utility and prognostic value for evaluating hospitalized COVID-19 patients.
High-frequency jet ventilation via the working channel of the bronchoscope is a novel method that can provide optimal ventilation with minimal complications to nonintubated patients suffering from hypoxemia during bronchoscopy. This method also reduces the duration of bronchoscopy procedures.
The study revealed sufficiency of WLL as the PAP patients' treatment. Also hemoptysis was found to be the independent factor that can predict treatment failure.
Patient: Female, 74-year-old
Final Diagnosis: Mucormycosis
Symptoms: Altered mental status
Medication:—
Clinical Procedure: Central venous catheterization • debridement
Specialty: Infectious Diseases • General and Internal Medicine • Otolaryngology
Objective:
Unusual clinical course
Background:
Invasive mucormycosis is a rare, life-threatening infection that requires urgent medical management. Here we describe a patient who developed invasive mucormycosis after receiving only a short course of dexamethasone. The purpose is to highlight this atypical presentation of a rare disease.
Case Report:
A 74-year-old woman with a medical history of diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and small cell lung cancer with metastasis to the brain presented to the Emergency Department with altered mental status and a hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state. Three weeks before, she had been diagnosed with DM (hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c] 6.5%) and was started on dexamethasone to treat cerebral edema. On admission, her HbA1c was 10.8%, although she had received only a short course of dexamethasone. Her physical exam was concerning for left eyelid swelling and ophthalmoplegia. Computed tomography of the head and neck revealed signs of left ocular proptosis and invasive rhinomaxillary fungal disease. The patient underwent urgent surgical debridement; subsequent magnetic resonance imaging revealed extensive fungal disease extending into her left inferior frontal lobe. A surgical pathology report was positive for
Rhizopus oryzae
and
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
. Her blood cultures were positive for methicillin-susceptible
Staphylococcus aureus
. She was treated with antibiotics and amphotericin B. Her clinical course was complicated by hypokalemia. She eventually recovered and was discharged from the hospital.
Conclusions:
This case highlights an atypical presentation of mucormycosis. Clinicians should remain vigilant for this rare complication of dexamethasone use even when the therapy is given for a short time.
Cutaneous lesions in immunocompromised patients with positive results in acid-fast staining and negative results for M. tuberculosis should be further assessed using skin culture and molecular techniques to identify rare, atypical mycobacterial species like M. haemophilum.
Wstęp: Proteinoza pęcherzyków płucnych (PAP, pulmonary alveolar proteinosis) to rzadka choroba płuc. W populacji irańskiej nie analizowano nigdy skuteczności płukania całego płuca (WLL, whole-lung lavage) jako leczenia PAP. Z tego powodu oceniono charakterystykę PAP, a także skuteczność WLL w tej rzadkiej chorobie. Niniejsze badanie miało na celu analizę cech demograficznych, obrazu klinicznego i wyników leczenie tej choroby u irańskich pacjentów z PAP. Materiał i metody: Zgromadzono dane 45 pacjentów z pewnym rozpoznaniem PAP, regularnie obserwowanych od marca 2004 do marca 2015 roku w irańskim szpitalu referencyjnym. Skuteczność WLL oceniano, porównując parametry spirometryczne, gazometrii krwi tętniczej oraz testu 6-minutowego marszu (6MWT, 6 minute walk test) przed i po wykonaniu wszystkich zabiegów płukania płuca. Wyniki: Średni wiek w momencie rozpoznania choroby wynosił 30.33 ± 14.56 roku. U czterech pacjentów (8.8%) występowało niemasywne krwioplucie, u trzech (6.6%) współistniała gruźlica płuc. Biopsja przezoskrzelowa płuca i płukanie oskrzelowo- -pęcherzykowe w 71.1% przypadków były wystarczającymi badaniami do postawienia rozpoznania. Wyniki spirometryczne, parametry gazometrii krwi tętniczej i 6MWD poprawiły się znamiennie po przeprowadzeniu wszystkich zabiegów płukania płuca. Czterech pacjentów (8.8%) zmarło z powodu niewydolności oddechowej. Jedyną zmienną mogącą przewidzieć niepowodzenie leczenia było występowanie krwioplucia w wywiadzie chorobowym. Wnioski: W badaniu wykazano, że WLL jest leczeniem skutecznym u pacjentów z PAP. Krwioplucie było niezależnym czynnikiem predykcyjnym niepowodzenia leczenia.
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