A series of new antibacterial and antifungal Schiff's bases derived from sulfonamides, as well as their transition metal complexes incorporating cobalt (II), copper (II), nickel (II) and zinc (II) were synthesized, characterized and screened for their in-vitro antibacterial activity against six Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi and Shigella dysentriae) and four Gram-positive (Bacillus cereus, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Staphylococcus aureous and Streptococcus pyogenes) bacterial strains and for in-vitro antifungal activity against Trichophyton longifusus, Candida albicans, Aspergillus flavus, Microsporum canis, Fusarium solani, Candida glaberata. The results of these studies show the metal complexes to be more antibacterial and antifungal as compared to the uncomplexed Schiffs' bases. The brine shrimp bioassay was also carried out to study the in-vitro cytotoxic properties of these synthesized ligands and their complexes.
Surface morphology induced electrical conductivity and specific surface area of a material play a significant role to facilitate electrochemical behavior for supercapacitor application. Therefore, the synthesis step for controlling such parameters becomes very imperative and challenging. Herein, a ZnS nanoweb is deposited directly onto Ni foam with a pre‐deposited thin layer of hydrothermally prepared graphene oxide. The structure and surface morphology of the deposited ZnS is observed using XRD and SEM, respectively. The electrical conductivity of the graphene oxide supported ZnS nanoweb, determined using the four probes method, is 100.15 S cm−1. The specific surface area is 104.42 m2 g−1 as determined by BET measurements. Pseudocapacitive behavior is monitored by cyclic voltammetry, and the excellent specific capacity of 3052 Fg−1 has been found at a scan rate of 2 mV s−1, while it is 2400.30 Fg−1 according the galvanostatic charge‐discharge profile at a current density of 3 mA cm−2. Both values are significantly higher than those measured for bare GO or ZnS layers. The energy and power densities of GO supported ZnS nanoweb are determined in a three electrode setup, are 120 Wh Kg−1 at 3 mA cm−2 and 4407.73 Wkg−1, respectively. In a symmetric two electrode setup, an energy density of 20.29 Wh Kg−1 at 2 mA cm−2 is observed. Hence, both symmetric and asymmetric measurements suggest that GO supported ZnS nanoweb can be applied as a suitable electrode for supercapacitors.
We report undoped and Ni-doped TiO 2 (x Ni = 0.00, 0.50, 1.00, 1.50, 2.00 and 2.50 wt.%) thin films fabricated on glass substrates by using a combination of solid-state reaction and dip coating techniques. The structural properties are observed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), which have depicted that annealing at 650 • C results in rutile Ni-doped TiO 2 as a major phase along with a minor anatase phase. The surface morphology of the deposited thin films, as measured by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), indicates granular spherical shaped nanostructures. Room-temperature ferromagnetism (RTFM) has been illustrated by all the grown thin films, as elucidated by vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). Although Ni content has no pronounced effect on the crystallinity that indicates a substitutional replacement of Ni in TiO 2 lattice, however, Ni content is observed to influence the ferromagnetic behavior. Therefore, the present study signifies the potential spintronic applications of Ni-doped TiO 2 diluted magnetic semiconductors, fabricated by a low-cost method, as it exhibits RTFM with nanograins at the surface.
Bt-cotton germplasm, consisting of 75 genotypes was evaluated against cotton leaf curl disease (CLCuD) under high inoculum pressure in the field and using graft inoculation in glasshouse by visual symptom scoring assessments. None of the tested genotype was found disease free under both evaluation tests. Under field conditions in 2011, 3 genotypes were found resistant, 4 moderately resistant, 3 tolerant, 2 moderately susceptible and one susceptible; in 2012, 3 genotypes were tolerant, 7 moderately susceptible, 5 susceptible and 38 highly susceptible; in 2013, one was moderately susceptible and 51 were highly susceptible with varying degree of percent disease index (PDI) and severity index (SI). However, through graft evaluation in glasshouse, none of the graft inoculated plant was symptomless. All tested genotypes showed disease symptoms with SI values ranging between 5.0 and 6.0, and latent period between 12 and 14 days. Of the 75 genotypes evaluated using graft inoculation, 11 were found susceptible with SI values of 5.0 to 5.4 while remaining 64 were highly susceptible with SI values of 5.5 to 6.0. Inoculated plants of all tested genotypes exhibited severe disease symptoms within 10 days after the appearance of initial symptoms. No reduction in SI value was observed until the end of the experiment i.e., 90 days after grafting. Information generated under the present study clearly demonstrates that no sources of resistance to CLCuD are available among the tested Bt-cotton genotypes. So, a breeding programme is needed to introgress the CLCuD-resistance from other resistant sources to agronomically suitable Bt-cotton genotypes.
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