The antidiabetic effect of ginger was experimentally proved in the study and has concluded that the activity is initiated by antioxidant, antiglycation and potential to express or transport Glut4 receptors from internal vesicles.

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Piper longum L. (Family: Piperaceae), is a widely used herb in several Ayurvedic formulations prescribed for various diseases. Potential of the plant material as an antidiabetic and cardio protective agent has not been evaluated so far. In the study, we designed experiments to evaluate antioxidant, glucose uptake potential and lipid content regulating potential of extracts and compound from P. longum fruits. Solvent extracts from Piper longum fruits using hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol, 70 % methanol-water were taken and apigenin 7, 4'-dimethyl ether (ADE) was isolated from ethyl acetate extract. Antioxidant activity, glucose uptake potential and adipocyte differentiation assay was performed with extract and pure compound. Antioxidant activity in terms of TRP (196.03 μg/mg GAE), DPPH assay (IC 50 -173.09 μg/mL), hydroxyl radical scavenging assay (IC 50 -20.42 μg/mL), inhibiting LDL oxidation (IC 50 -51.99 μg/mL) and to enhance SOD activity (25.3 %) was higher in ethyl acetate extract (EAP). Phenolic and flavonoid content was measured and showed a positive correlation with antioxidant activity. Presence of apigenin 7, 4'-dimethyl ether (ADE) and piperine (Pip) in EAP was determined by HPTLC analysis and was isolated. ADE inhibited α-glucosidase and α-amylase enzymes and enhanced 2-NBDG uptake in L6 cells. Hypolipidemic effect of ADE on mouse pre-adipocyte (3T3L1) cell lines also showed a dose dependent reduction on lipid droplet content and effective concentration range was determined as 1-2.5 μg/ mL. The results suggested that Piper longum fruits can provide a natural source of antioxidants with antidiabetic and anti obesity potential.

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Adipose tissue is a complex and heterogenic tissue exhibiting high variability and appears to have multiple functions, especially in metabolic regulation. Change in carbohydrate source is reported to have a profound effect in the regular functioning of adipocytes. Here, we analyzed the role of two monosaccharides namely, glucose (5.2 and 25 nM), galactose SUPPORTING INFORMATIONAdditional supporting information may be found online in the Supporting Information section.How to cite this article: Krishna MS, Revathy VM, Jaleel A.Adipocytes utilize sucrose as an energy source-Effect of different carbohydrates on adipocyte differentiation. J Cell Physiol.

Herein, we report a novel lysosome targetable luminescent bioprobe derived from a europium coordination compound, namely Eu(pfphOCHIN)(DDXPO) 4 [where HpfphOCHIN = 4,4,5,5,5-pentafluoro-3-hydroxy-1-(1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1H-indol-3-yl)pent-2-en-1-one and DDXPO = 4,5-bis(diphenylphosphino)-9,9-dimethylxanthene oxide]. Notably, the newly designed europium complex exhibits significant quantum yield (Φ = 25 ± 3%) and D excited state lifetime (τ = 398 ± 3 μs) values under physiological pH (7.2) conditions when excited at 405 nm. Hence the developed europium complex has been evaluated for live cell imaging applications using mouse pre-adipocyte cell lines (3T3L1). Colocalization studies of the designed bio-probe with commercial Lysosome-GFP in 3T3L1 cells demonstrated the specific localization of the probe in the lysosome with a high colocalization coefficient (A = 0.83). Most importantly, the developed bioprobe exhibits good cell permeability, photostability and non-cytotoxicity.

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