Background No Arabic or its dialect questionnaire is available to evaluate the anterior knee pain in the Saudi Arabian religious population. This study aims to translate, adapt, and psychometrically validate the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS-PF) Patellofemoral scale in the Arabic language in Saudi Arabic dialect. Method Translation has been done as per standard guidelines. The questionnaire was administered to 95 patients to determine the psychometric properties including on two different occasions, with a 48-hour gap in-between; to ensure that their answers were reliable; 84 patients (88.4% compliance rate) responded for test and retest reliability, ceiling-floor effects, validity and other psychometric criteria. Results Cronbach’s alpha (internal consistency) and test–retest reliability was good and excellent (∞ = 0.81; ICC > 0.95). None of the items showed >30% floor or ceiling effect and the minimal detectable change was within the acceptable range (<30%). The KOOS-PF subscale showed a moderate correlation (−0.568) with pain-visual analog scale for its construct validity. Conclusion The Arabic dialect of KOOS-PFis reliable and valid to be used to evaluate isolated knee pain of patellofemoral origin in Muslim patients in Saudi Arabia.

Purpose: To find out overall, age and gender specific prevalence of low back pain (LBP) and its correlates in urban population. Methods: Present study was cross-sectional survey, by door-to-door visit, using multi-stage random sampling technique from Hisar urban geographical area. Pre-designed, validated self-reported questionnaire was used to record 14 variables, one variable was calculated and 4 variables were measured. Primary variable of interest was pain in low back area in the last 12 months. Data was analyzed using IBM-SPSS (21.0 version). Chi-square test was used to see the association between LBP and categories. If there was a significance, univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression was used to identify the correlates. Results: Data of 1540 subjects (response rate 72.2%; females 54.2%) aged 30 years or more from five localities out of six were used. Overall one-year prevalence of LBP was 19%. Female sex (OR 1.60), low education (1.95) and low fasting blood glucose (1.34) were identified as correlates of LBP. Abdominal obesity, not using ghee, low income, low social class, smoking, long sitting and sleeping time increased the prevalence of LBP. Conclusion: Increasing the physical activity/exercise and reducing sedentary behaviors may reduce the prevalence of LBP in this population.

Purpose The primary aim of this study was to translate a self-reported questionnaire (KOOS) from English to Urdu and then to see its internal consistency, agreement, test-retest reliability, and validity among primary OA knee patients. Methodology First, KOOS questionnaire was translated from English language to Urdu through standardized cross-cultural protocol. This translated version of KOOS was administered to 111 radiographically diagnosed primary OA knee patients at two times with 48-hour interval in-between. Cronbach's alpha, floor and ceiling effect, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), absolute agreement %, and Spearman correlation were used to fulfill our objectives. Results Average time to administer this questionnaire was 20 minutes. There was good internal consistency with Cronbach's alpha ranging from 0.7246 to 0.9139. The absolute agreement of each item between two tests ranged from 81.08% to 98.20%. Test-retest reliability was excellent (“r” ranged from 0.9673 to 0.9782). There was no ceiling effect; however less than 4% floor effect was seen in two subscales. There was significant difference that existed between different X-ray grades in all subscales meaning good content validity for disease prognosis. Conclusion The present results show that KOOS Urdu version is a reliable and valid measure for primary OA knee patients.

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Purpose. Objective of the present study was to see the correlation of subjectively measured KOOS questionnaire with objectively measured 6-minute walk test (6-MWT), age, height, weight, and BMI. Participants. 251 subjects with OA knee based on American College of Rheumatology criteria. Methods. After passing inclusion and exclusion criteria, the following parameters were recorded: age, height, weight, and BMI. Then subjects were asked to fill KOOS questionnaire; then all subjects were asked to do self-paced walk for 6 minutes. Analysis. Spearman rank test was done to see the correlation. Significant level was set at P < 0.05. Results. 6-MWT had a weak correlation with KOOS-ADL (rho 0.461) and strong correlation with KOOS-symptom, KOOS-pain, and KOOS-sports and very strong correlation with KOOS-QOL. BMI had a strong correlation with KOOS-pain, KOOS-symptom, KOOS-ADL, and KOOS-sports and very strong correlation with KOOS-QOL. Weight had a weak correlation with KOOS-symptom, KOOS-ADL, and KOOS-sports and strong correlation with KOOS-pain and KOOS-QOL. All the above values were significant with P < 0.001. Conclusion. KOOS is strongly positively correlated with 6-MWT and negatively correlated with BMI. Its correlation strength has decreased with weight.

Introduction: The importance of physical activity, fitness on CVD risk factors are well established in western cohorts. However, there are no geographical cohorts available in India. Aims and objectives: It has formed to identify role of physical activity, fitness, yoga practice and other sedentary behaviors on the development of some CVD risk factors (i.e) hypertension, diabetes and obesity in urban Indian population. The secondary objective is improved physical activity, fitness behavior, yoga practice and reduced sedentary behavior on the prognosis of above said risk factors once it developed. Methodology: 1804 subjects (female 54.6%; response rate 71.9%) were selected through multi-stage random sampling technique in 6 different locations of urban Hisar city during summer 2016. Main eligibility criteria was age should be at least 30 years at the time of recruitment. Therapist assisted standard questionnaire was administered to collect baseline subjective data.Most of the outcome variables, muscular strength were measured objectively. Yoga practice; physical activity/sitting time through GPAQ are being measured now. Future plan: Aerobic fitness through Rockport 1 mile walk test will be measured within 2 years. Subjectively measured physical activity, ADL and sedentary behaviors will be validated through pedometers.Usage of mobile phone, physiotherapists to modify the behavior of subjects and its effect on development and prognosis of CVD risk factors will be studied future.

Background: Several studies have evaluated the effects of knee osteoarthritis on general and specific activities of the population using various health-related questionnaires in their original/native form, but very few have reported in Saudi Arabian population using Arabic versions. The target of the study is to observe the degree of knee difficulties during pivoting, kneeling and squatting in bilateral knee osteoarthritis male patients using disease-specific Arabic Version Knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score physical function (KOOS-PS) short form questionnaire in Saudi Arabian population. Methods:A cross-sectional study exploring 109 male primary bilateral knee osteoarthritis patients in Saudi Arabia. Subjects were assigned to three different groups based on their age after meeting the American College of Rheumatology criteria. Demographic data were obtained, and subjects were asked to rate their degree of knee difficulty during pivoting, kneeling and squatting activities using the disease-specific Arabic short-form questionnaire. Results:The statistical description introduced in the mean, standard deviation, median, 95% confidence interval (95% CI). The statistical parameters such as mean and standard deviations were 84.08±8.81, 76.58±11.49, 28.05 ± 8.4 in the three age groups such as 50-60, 61 to 70 and above 70 years old along with 95% confidence intervals 78. 2-84, 72.6-80.47, and 25.17-30.94 respectively. The statistical significance found between 50-60years and above 70years p < 0.001, 61-70years and above 70years p < 0.001 but statistical insignificance found between 50-60years and 61-70years age groups p < 0.14. Conclusion:High degree of knee difficulty has been observed in male bilateral knee osteoarthritis during pivoting, kneeling and squatting activities among 61-70years and above 70years of age groups.