This study was done to assess the bacterial profile and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of urinary tract infections (UTIs) pathogens. For proper identification of causative microbial agents, mid stream urine samples from 459 patients with clinical symptoms suspected to be UTI were collected, cultured and subjected to appropriate biochemical tests. These samples were collected from Teaching Laboratories Center in Baghdad during the study period (1 st January 2009-1 st July 2009). The antimicrobial sensitivity test was carried out by disc diffusion technique using Muller-Hinton agar. 100 urine samples were cultured positive with a colony count equal or more than 10 5 /ml while 359 cases were excluded as they were culture negative or exhibited mixed infections. Overall males to females ratio was 1:3.2. The most prevalence isolates were Escherichia coli with frequency rate of 50% followed by Enterobacter spp.(12%). Whereas, Klebsiella spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterococcus faecalis showed frequency rate of 9% for each. Howevere, Proteus spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Acinetobacter spp.showed frequency rate less than 5%. The majority of isolates were sensitive to imipenem (96%) followed by amikacin(89%) and nitrofurantion(69%) whereas, high level resistance was seen to cotrimoxazole, ampicillin and trimethoprim followed by cefoxitin, nalidixic acid, gentamicin and cefotaxime in decreasing order of frequency.
Background: Plaque retention during fixed orthodontic therapy is an important cause of developing enamel demineralization. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of different brackets types on the count of Streptococcus Mutans in orthodontic patients using conventional fluoridated toothpaste. Materials and Methods: Plaque samples were collected from maxillary 1st premolar teeth of twenty right handed patients (using split mouth technique) before bonding, after 48 hrs of bonding using tooth brush only, and after 2 weeks of using fluoridated toothpaste. Stainless steel bracket was bonded on right first premolar while the left one was bonded with sapphire bracket. The calculation of the Streptococcus Mutans count was done using the plate counting method utilizing colony counter. The differences between the two types of brackets were determined using the Wilcoxon signed ranks test. Results: The median bacterial count on the right side was insignificantly higher than the left side; streptococcus mutans in the plaque sample around the sapphire brackets showed insignificantly less counts than around the stainless steel one, when the patients used tooth brush only or fluoridated toothpastes. Fluoridated toothpastes reduced streptococcus mutans insignificantly around both types of brackets. Conclusion: Fluoridated toothpaste acts effectively in reducing streptococcus mutans colony counts around sapphire and stainless steel brackets. Keywords: Streptococcus mutans, Stainless steel brackets, Sapphire brackets.
Objective: This study was conducted to determine the correlation between the occurrence of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) which is considered as the main pathogen responsible for the initiation and development of dental caries with blood groups and Rhesus (Rh) factor that are considered as a genetic predictor of having dental caries among healthy students. Methods: Saliva and blood samples were taken from 40 healthy students whose ages were between 19-23 years old in the College of Dentistry/Al-Iraqia University in Baghdad, Iraq. Estimation of the flow rate and pH was done for all the collected saliva samples within 5 min of saliva collection. Then, 100 µL of saliva was cultured on Mitis salivarius bacitracin agar (MSBA) at 37 °C for 48 h. The colonies of S. mutans were identified by their morphology and biochemical tests. Later, 1 to 2 drops of blood were taken from each student’s thumb to determine the blood group. Results: This study showed there was a greater prevalence of S. mutans among students of blood group A in contrast to the blood group O. In addition, Rh+ groups were dominant than Rh- groups among the study samples. Conclusion: S. mutans levels were higher in the blood group A followed by AB, B, O blood groups among the college students studied.
To evaluate the effectiveness of different microwave irradiation exposure times onthe disinfection of dental stone samples immersed in different solutions, and its affecton the dimensional accuracy and surface porosity.Dental stone casts were inoculated with an isolate of Bacillus subtilis toexamine the efficiency of microwave irradiation as a disinfection method whileimmersed in different solutions; water, 40% sodium chloride, or without immersionfor different durations. Dimensional accuracy and surface porosity were alsoevaluated.Significant reduction in colony counts of Bacillus subtilis were observed after 5minutes of microwave irradiation of immersed dental casts in water and NaClsolution. No evidence of growth was observed after 10 minutes while immersed inwater or NaCl solution. Dimensional accuracy of dental stone was significantlyaffected by immersion in water for 5 or 10 minutes during exposure to microwaveirradiation while it was insignificant affected by immersed in NaCl solution, or in dryair. The surface porosity of dental stone was significantly affected by the immersed inwater and NaCl solution for 5 or 10 minutes while it was insignificantly affected bydry conditions during microwave disinfection.Immersion the dental stone casts improved the effectiveness of microwaveirradiation as a disinfection method. The dimensional accuracy and surface porositywas adversely affected but within the clinical limitation..
Some azo compounds were prepared by the reaction of 4-amino benzamide with benzoyl chloride forming N-benzoyl-4-amino benzamide, the later was diazotized to give N-benzoyl-4-((substituted phenyl)diazenyl)benzamide (1-6). The compounds were characterized by F.T-IR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR. The azo derivatives (1-6) were tested for their antibacterial activity against (S. aureus, S. epidermidis, E. coli and P. aeruginosa) by using disc diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the compounds also calculated by agar streak dilution method. The azo derivatives show moderate activity against the used bacteria.
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