No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

| Age at first calving for twenty crossbreed cows was estimated at 35.62 ± 11.04 months by using artificial inseminations sheets and calving records on three cattle farms in urban and suburban areas of Bobo-Dioulasso. The effects of crossbreeding type, bull races, crossbreed cow generations and farm sites were analyzed. However, crossbreeds have been more precocious than the local cattles. In addition, the inseminations of Fulani zebu using Montbeliard and Alps Brown semens, the 2 nd generation of crossbreed cows and the increase in farm level intensification were favourable for crossbreeds sexual precocity (p <0.05). However, to the better selection guide of cattle-breeders, calving interval and the milk production level must be assessed in order to identify the crossbreed type for optimal and profitable operations.

Background and Objective: Guinea fowl originates from Africa where it has a cultural significance and its raising is considered as an important traditional activity and food source. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the production of guinea fowls and guinea fowl eggs in the Western Tandjilé Department. Materials and Methods: Four sub-prefectures were chosen for the potential production of guinea fowl. A total of 320 guinea fowl farmers were the subject of this cross-sectional and retrospective survey. Results: The average number of laying females was 18 heads per backyard. Guinea fowl with dark gray plumage were dominant. Puberty occurs at 7 months (28 weeks) in males and at 8 months (32 weeks) in females. The hen was the most solicited (93%) for the brooding of 17 eggs on average. The hatching rate was 90% and the survival rate of guinea fowl at weaning at 2 months was 81.1%. Almost all farms (98%) were individual. Cereals alone or mixed with oilseeds have been the main feeds of guinea fowl, produced or purchased by producers. An average of 110 eggs laid per female during the five months of laying was observed. Diseases, losses due to predation, theft and lack of supervision were the constraints mentioned. Conclusion: The production of guinea fowl and guinea fowl eggs in the Western Tandjile Department requires special attention and adequate supervision to get rid of the constraints related to this breed and improve its productivity.

L’objet de cette étude a été d’identifier les pratiques d’alimentation des caprins Kirdimi dans le Département de la Tandjilé-Centre. L’étude s’est déroulée de décembre 2021 à janvier 2022 dans 21 villages. Les données ont été collectées auprès de 315 ménages agro-éleveurs choisis de manière aléatoire. Il ressort que les ressources alimentaires consommées par les caprins sont : les fourrages naturels, les résidus de récolte et les compléments alimentaires (sous-produits artisanaux, agro-industriels et les déchets de cuisine). Quinze (15) herbacées et vingt-cinq (25) ligneuses fourragères les plus consommées par les caprins ont été identifiés. Trois (3) types de complémentations ont été identifiées : le type 1 qui renferme 89,71% des éleveurs dont les animaux reçoivent les sous-produits artisanaux, le type 2 où 9,65% des éleveurs qui utilisent les sous-produits artisanaux et les sous-produits agro-industriels et le type 3 minoritaire où seulement 0,64% des éleveurs complémente avec les sous-produits agro-industriels. Les ressources alimentaires des caprins dans la Tandjilé-Centre sont constituées surtout des fourrages des parcours naturels et des sous-produits (de récoltes, agroindustriels et artisanaux). Une analyse bromatologique permettrait d’apprécier leurs valeurs alimentaires afin de mieux les valoriser dans l’alimentation des caprins et améliorer leurs performances zootechniques. The purpose of this study was to identify the feeding practices of Kirdimi goats in the Department of Centre Tandjilé. The study took place from December 2021 to January 2022 in 21 villages. Data were collected from 315 randomly selected agro-pastoralist households. It appears that the food resources consumed by goats are: natural fodder, crop residues, and food supplements (artisanal by-products, agro-industrial, and kitchen waste). Fifteen (15) herbaceous and twenty-five (25) woody forages most consumed by goats have been identified. Three (3) types of supplementation have been identified: type 1 which contains 89.71% of livestock farmers who receive artisanal by-products, type 2, or 9.65% of farmers who use artisanal by-products and agro-industrial by-products and minority type 3 where only 0.64% of farmers supplement with agro-industrial by-products. The food resources of goats in the Centre Tandjilé Department consist mainly of fodder from natural rangelands and by-products (harvests, agro-industrial and artisanal). A bromatological analysis would make it possible to assess their food values to better value them in the diet of goats and improve their zoo technical performance.

Background and Objective: In developing countries, indigenous chicken production is very important as the first source of animal protein supply for the rural populations and a good income source for the rural farmer, particularly for women. The purpose of this study was to characterize the local chickens in the city of Abéché based on their morphological and production traits. Materials and Methods: This survey study was conducted in Abéché areas by using a structured questionnaire. A total, 44 households participated in the interview and 424 indigenous chickens were inventoried. The data collection focused mainly on the demographic data of farmers, the management of the flock, farming objectives, egg incubation, brooding procedures, the characteristics of the plumages and the color of the eyes, the color and the shape of the beak barbel, the crest and the legs color. Results: Results indicated that chicken farming was practiced largely by men and illiterates. The first farming objective was for family consumption and sales (52.16%), the second objective was for family consumption (25.27%) whilst the third objective was for sale only (22.57%). The criteria used for selection of breed of indigenous chicken was mainly based on growth performance, plumage color and hardiness. The average age of the first egg of the local chickens was 6.4 months but the average egg number laid per hen per clutch was 11.48±0.32 with 40.91±1.23 eggs per year and 3.56 clutches per hen per year. The hatchability of eggs from an indigenous chicken was 77.27%. The native chicken of the Abéché area had a partridge plumage color, black-brown eye and gray beak and tarsi colors. But the barbel and crest were red. The form of the barbel was round and the ridge type was simple. Conclusion: Traditional poultry farming in the Abeche shows phenotypic diversity and requires molecular characterization to improve production.

Il y a de cela une décennie, le poisson était une denrée rare à Abéché car l’absence des fleuves et lacs dans la zone, ne permet pas la production locale du poisson. L’approvisionnement en poisson de ville provenant des différents lacs situés dans les autres localités s’est développé ces dernières années grâce à l’amélioration des infrastructures routières. Objectif : connaitre l’origine du poisson et son système de commercialisation dans la ville d’Abéché à l’Est du Tchad. Méthodologie : L’étude a été menée par enquête dans deux (2) marchés de la ville auprès de 85 commerçants du poisson pendant un mois (du 1er au 31 mai 2019). Les données collectées ont porté sur la situation matrimoniale et niveau d’étude des commerçants, les genres et la religion. La provenance et moyen des conservations du poisson, ainsi que le mode de livraison. Résultats : Les résultats montrent que le commerce du poisson est pratiqué majoritairement par les mareyeurs mariés (88,23%.). Concernant la provenance du poisson, 78% du poisson proviennent du LacFitri, et 28% du lac –Tchad. Pour bien conserver leur poisson, 54,9% du poisson séché sont conservés dans les cartons et 39,22% du poisson frais dans les glacières. Le poisson le plus vendus dans la ville sont les poissons fumés à 49,02% et 35,29 pour les poissons frais. La livraison est assurée par les grossistes, les grossistes – détaillants et les détaillants. L’acquisition se fait de deux manières, 84,07% des commerçants acquièrent leurs poissons dans un dépôt. La grande partie des commerçants vendent leurs denrées par Kilogramme (92,95%). Conclusion et application des résultats : la vente du poisson est dominée par les poissons fumés ce qui explique que la ville d’Abéché est enclavée, les poissons frais sont très rares et la population a tendance à consommer les poissons fumés et séchés. Ces résultats permettront aux décideurs d’envisager les moyens de production locale du poisson afin d’approvisionner la ville en poisson frais. Mots-clés : Origine Poisson, Commerce, Abéché, Tchad Souleyman et al., J. Appl. Biosci. 2021 Origine du poisson et système de commercialisation à Abéché au Tchad 16300 Origin of fish and Marketing System in Abeche City, Chad. ABSTRACT There is that one decade, the fish was a rare food product in Abeche city because the lack of the rivers and lakes in the zone, does not allow the local production of fish. The supply fish of city provide from the various lakes located in the other localities developed these last years with the improvement of the road infrastructures. Objective: to know the origin of the fish and its marketing system in Abeche city in eastern Chad. Methodology and results: The study was conducted by survey in two (2) city markets with 85 fish traders for one month (May 1 to May 31, 2019). The data collected related to the marital status and level of education of merchants, gender and religion. The origin and means of the fish preservation, as well as the mode of delivery. The results show that the fish trades are mainly practiced by married wholesalers 88.23% and practiced by women 68.23%. 78% of the fish come from Lac-Fitri, and 28% from Lac-Chad. To properly preserve their fish, 54.9% of the dried fish are kept in the boxes and 39.22 are fresh fish in the coolers. The best-selling fish in the city is smoked fish at 49.02%, and 35.29 for fresh fish. Delivery is provided by wholesalers, wholesalers - retailers and retailers. And the acquisition is done in two ways, 84.07% of the traders acquire their fish in a deposit. The vast majority of traders sell their produce by Kilogram 92.95%. Conclusion and application of results: the sale of fish is dominated by smoked fish, which explains why the town of Abeche is landlocked, fresh fish are very rare and the population tends to consume smoked and dried fish. These results will permit to the decision makers to contemplate the means of local production of fish in order to supply the city out in fresh fish. Keywords: marketing, provenance, Smoked fish, Abeche, Chad