The purpose of the study was to establish the structure of monitored animal farms and determine reproductive parameters of Sahelian goats in the Guera Region, in Central Chad. Data were collected through longitudinal survey in 27 observatory farms during three years using goats identified by numbered ear tags. The herds were composed on average of about 71% of females. The age pyramid covering all years showed a significant number of males aged between 0-1 year and perceptible fall thereafter. However, some stability was observed in the class of the 2-8 years old among females. The frequencies of accumulated kiddings showed that 44% of births occurred in the rainy season against 28% respectively in the cool dry and hot dry seasons. Obtained reproduction parameters were: a sex ratio of 0.51 in favor of males, a kidding interval of 10.6 months with significant differences (P < 0.05) according to the rank of birth, an age at first kidding of 16.5 months for females born in monitoring and an age of 20.3 months for all first-kidding, giving an apparent fertility rate of 145%, a fecundity rate of 116% and an abortion rate of 2%. The composition and structure of herds have highlighted the importance of females to ensure the reproducibility of goat production systems. The determined reproduction parameters are references for actions to improve goat rearing in this area.

Background and Objective: In developing countries, indigenous chicken production is very important as the first source of animal protein supply for the rural populations and a good income source for the rural farmer, particularly for women. The purpose of this study was to characterize the local chickens in the city of Abéché based on their morphological and production traits. Materials and Methods: This survey study was conducted in Abéché areas by using a structured questionnaire. A total, 44 households participated in the interview and 424 indigenous chickens were inventoried. The data collection focused mainly on the demographic data of farmers, the management of the flock, farming objectives, egg incubation, brooding procedures, the characteristics of the plumages and the color of the eyes, the color and the shape of the beak barbel, the crest and the legs color. Results: Results indicated that chicken farming was practiced largely by men and illiterates. The first farming objective was for family consumption and sales (52.16%), the second objective was for family consumption (25.27%) whilst the third objective was for sale only (22.57%). The criteria used for selection of breed of indigenous chicken was mainly based on growth performance, plumage color and hardiness. The average age of the first egg of the local chickens was 6.4 months but the average egg number laid per hen per clutch was 11.48±0.32 with 40.91±1.23 eggs per year and 3.56 clutches per hen per year. The hatchability of eggs from an indigenous chicken was 77.27%. The native chicken of the Abéché area had a partridge plumage color, black-brown eye and gray beak and tarsi colors. But the barbel and crest were red. The form of the barbel was round and the ridge type was simple. Conclusion: Traditional poultry farming in the Abeche shows phenotypic diversity and requires molecular characterization to improve production.

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The objective of the study was to analyze the home consumption of local chickens in N'Djamena. It was conducted using a crosscutting and retrospective survey of a purposive sample per a quota of 250 households in 10 districts of the city. The heads of household surveyed are in average 41.5±9.4 years old and led families made up of 9.6±4.9 persons. The majority of respondents (94.4%) were married and educated (78.8%) at different levels. Employees were the majority (68%). The majority of households (62%) had an average monthly income ranging from less than 50,000 F CFA i to 150,000 F CFA and about 82% of households spend in average 25,000 to 75,000 F CFA for food per month. Indigenous chicken is consumed during parties (32.3%), Christian festivals (38.0%) and visits by VIPs (39.7%). Most respondents (71%) had a monthly consumption frequency ranging from 2 times (45.6%) or 3 times (25.2%). Households headed by women consumed an average 2.01 chickens as against 1.78 heads for households led by men (p > 0.05). All respondents (100%) stated having a preference for indigenous chicken. Taste and price are considered as the main determinants of indigenous chicken consumption in households in N'Djamena.

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RESUMEObjectif : évaluer le rendement carcasse des ovins sahéliens afin d'orienter les choix des actions de développement de la production de viande ovine dans la Province du Guera au Centre-Est du Tchad. Méthodologie et résultats : les poids des ovins avant abattage, poids des carcasses à chaud et à froid ont été mesurés. Les pesées ont été effectuées trois fois par semaine d'octobre à décembre 2018. L'étude a concerné 192 ovins dont 127 ovins abattus à l'abattoir municipal de Mangalmé et 65 têtes abattus à celui de Mongo. Ces ovins provenaient surtout pour 86 % des élevages transhumants contre 14 % des élevages sédentaires. Soixante-dix-sept mâles soit 40% ont été âgés de 28,9  22,6 mois avec un poids moyen à l'abattage de 24,1  8,2 kg et 115 femelles soit 60%, âgées de 42,4  31,6 mois avec un poids de 32,5  8,6 kg. La majorité des ovins abattus (environ 85 %) à Mangalmé et à Mongo provient des élevages transhumants. Les brebis ont été plus lourdes et plus âgées à l'abattage que les béliers. Le rendement carcasse des brebis a été inférieur à celui des carcasses des boucs. L'abattage des brebis occasionne de pertes en reproduction des brebis dans la zone d'étude. L'origine des ovins abattus n'a pas eu d'influence sur le rendement carcasse des brebis. Chez les mâles provenant d'élevage sédentaire, le rendement carcasse a été meilleur que celui béliers sédentaires. Conclusion et application des résultats : l'abattage des béliers est à encourager pour limiter des pertes en reproduction des femelles et améliorer l'approvisionnement en viande de la population. Ce résultat suggère d'orienter et d'encourager les éleveurs dans la production des agneaux de boucherie. Pour cela une transition du système extensif transhumant à un mode d'élevage intensif et spécialisé est conseillée. Les brebis épargnées de l'abattage induiront une amélioration de la productivité des troupeaux. Ce mode d'élevage permettra également de mieux valoriser les ressources alimentaires locales, d'améliorer la qualité de la viande produite et de maîtriser la reproduction ovine en zone sahélienne du Tchad.