Introduction. Today, alternative natural resources are increasingly used as the main industrial raw material used not only for the production of biofuels and various types of energy, but also other products. Bioenergy crops of miscanthus and switchgrass, which are characterized by long-term high yields, in contrast to, for example, agricultural waste, can be a promising way to attract new sources of high quality cellulose and for the production of bioplastics. The latest scientific research of miscanthus confirms the hypothesis of Ukrainian scientists of the 1980s and scientists from other countries that the raw material of this cellulose-containing crop is fully positioned as a material for the production of cellulose and bioplastics, and for biotechnological production of soluble carbohydrates and biofuels. Conclusion. It is proved that bioenergy crops of miscanthus and switchgrass can be a promising way to attract new sources of high quality cellulose for bioplastics production.
To establish varietal characteristics of yield formation in grain sorghum as affected by row spacing and fertilization system. Methods. The field experiment was carried out during the 2015-2017 period in a multifactorial stationary experiment in LLC Biotech LTD located in the central part of Boryspil district (Kyiv region) of the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Experiment design: factor Ahybrid: 'Lan 59', 'Burgo F1', 'Briggo F1'; factor Bdose of nitrogen fertilizers: N60P60K60 (control), N60P60K60 + N20, N60P60K60 + N40, N60P60K60 + N60; factor Crow spacing: 35 cm, 50 cm, 70 cm. Results. The average yield of grain sorghum for years of research ranged from 3.98 to 9.14 t/ha, depending on hybrid, row spacing and fertilization practice. It was also found that average grain yield in 2015 amounted to 7.29 t/ha; 2016 was critical with regard to weather conditionsthe realization of the biological potential of sorghum plants was significantly lowerat the level 6.33 t/ha; in 2017, the average yield was 7.15 t/ha of grain. Among the hybrids, the least productive was 'Lan 59' (5.14 t/ha), and an average yield of 'Burgo F1' and 'Briggo F1' were 7.57 and 8.06 t/ha, respectively. The maximum yield for all hybrids was formed at the 50-cm row spacing, namely 'Lan 59'-5.40," 'Briggo F1'-8.48 t/ha and 'Burgo F1'-7.86 t/ha, respectively. With the pre-sowing application of N60 compared to N20, the yield of hybrid 'Lan 59' grew by 0.41-0.51 t/ha, 'Briggo F1' by 0.27-0.40, 'Burgo F1' by 0.22-0.29 t/ha. Conclusions. The biggest share in sorghum yield formation had the 'hybrid' factor (43%). 'Conditions of year' factor (21%) and 'dose of nitrogen' (20%) had an equivalent effect, and 'interrow spacing' factor amounted to 10%. Studies have shown that there is a positive moderate correlation between yield and dose of pre-sowing nitrogen (r = 0.49). Grain sorghum plants react positively to additional nitrogen, what is manifested in increased yields. This dependence can be explained not only by moderate nitrogen application rates but also by the low level of hydrolyzed nitrogen stock in the soil of the experimental plot.
Purpose. Creating Ukraine’s own feedstock base for the development of the biofuel industry through the use of energy-efficient technologies for growing high-yielding bioenergy crops on special energy plantations, which, along with high biomass growth for biofuel production, actively absorb carbon dioxide and emit significant amounts of oxygen. Research methods. Field, accounting, statistical, analytical. Results. Energy plantations of wood crops, which in a short term gives an opportunity to obtain a variety of high quality wood products. This line of business is new, which has already proven itself in world practice as one of the most profitable and reliable ways of investment. This process occurs most intensively in highly productive bioenergy crops of group C4, such as: paulownia, sugar sorghum, corn and sugar beets. As a rule, the invested funds are repaid for 3−5 years from the beginning of planting the energy plantation. For plantations with a short growing season, mostly fast-growing trees are used, which allows to reduce the growing season of trees from 10−20 to 3−5 years. This type of wood from specially created energy plantations can be used as a business and to process part of the raw material from waste, which is about 50% in the form of twigs, for fuel chips. Conclusions. The expediency of growing highly productive bioenergy crop of paulownia in different soil and climatic zones of the country in order to produce feedstock for the construction industry and biofuel production is substantiated. Ukraine has all the necessary prerequisites for this.
Purpose. To determine the features of the growth of an energy plantation of poplar variety ‘Robusta’ on leached chernozems in the conditions of the Central Forest Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. Field, laboratory, statistical. Results. One-year lignified cuttings 25 cm long and 0.8–1.0 cm in diameter were used as planting material. The designed layout of planting places: 2.0x0.8 m (more density version) and 2.0x0.9 m (more sparse version). After the first year of cultivation, the studied plots had the same height (1.6 m). During the second growing season, their growth in height was 2.0±0.05 m in the more sparse version, and 2.1±0.05 m in the thicker version. After the first year, the diameter at a height of 1.3 m was greater in the thicker version (0.5 cm versus 0.3 cm), but already in the next year, the trees of the more sparse stand became 2 mm thicker, and this difference persisted in the third year, when the average diameter of the trees of the denser version was 5.8 cm, and of the sparser — 6.2 cm. As a result of the higher diameter of trees of the more sparse version, they had a higher weight of the average tree, but due to the smaller number of trees, their productivity was lower. So, after three years of growing a poplar plantation created by cuttings, one hectare can yield 11.66–14.58 tons of dry biomass, or 207.5–259.5 GJ of energy. A sharp increase in morphometric indicators during the third year of cultivation indicates the feasibility of using a longer period of cultivation of such plantations to obtain the maximum amount of biomass. Conclusions. The study of a three-year energy plantation of the ‘Robusta’ variety, created by one-year lignified cuttings on the leached soils of the Right Bank Forest Steppe, with the placement of planting sites 2.0 x 0.8 m and 2.0 x 0.8 m, showed that after three years of growing a poplar plantation, one hectare can get 11.66–14.58 tons of dry biomass, or 207.5–259.5 GJ of energy. A significant increase in growth indicators and biomass productivity of poplar plantations during the third year of cultivation indicates the feasibility of using a 4–6-year period of cultivation of such plantations to obtain the maximum amount of biomass.
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