Разом зі зростанням населення планети, виробництво енергії постійно збільшується. Тільки за останні 100 років населення Землі зросло в чотири рази, а річне виробництво енергії збільшилось у 21 раз. Статтю присвячено дослідженню розвитку біоенергетики як складової забезпечення енергетичної безпеки України. Обгрунтовано передумови розвитку біоенергетики в Україні. Узагальнено підходи до визначення терміну "енергетична безпека". Визначено складові системи енергетичної безпеки. Проаналізовано фактори, що впливають на загрозу енергетичної безпеки України. Узагальнено підходи до визначення терміну "енергетична ефективність" у працях зарубіжних та українських вчених. Здійснено класифікацію бар'єрів на шляху до розвитку енергоефективності. Визначено основні тенденції розвитку енергетики у XXI ст. Проаналізовано динаміку споживання первинних енергоресурсів у світі. Узагальнено внутрішні і зовнішні загрози енергетичній безпеці України. Проаналізовано структуру світового енергоспоживання та споживання енергії в Україні за видами енергоресурсів. Здійснено прогноз зростання частки відновлюваних джерел енергії відповідно до Енергетичної стратегії України до 2035. Сформовано та обгрунтовано три сценарії розвитку сектору біоенергетики в Україні.Energy is a special economy sector due to its technological specificity, which is determined by the physical complexity of the processes of production, distribution and consumption of energy resources, the construction of the industry (high capital and material consumption of energy facilities, long construction and operation periods), close relationships with other industries, and also a high degree of dependence of mining, processing, production and transport processes on the level of their energy supply.With the growing population of the planet, energy production is constantly increasing. Over the past 100 years, the world's population has quadrupled, and annual energy production has increased in 21 times.The problem of ensuring the energy security of Ukraine has become urgent in connection with the gradual depletion of the main fuel and energy resources, which, in turn, contributed to the aggravation of geopolitical conflicts in attempts to capture, control over the extraction, distribution and transportation of fuel and energy resources. Therefore, to
In the EU, palliative care is a comprehensive system of patient support: social, psychological, spiritual and, of course, medical care. How it works in other countries and what the experience should be applied so that children in Ukraine can not only adequately anesthetize, but also not violate their rights. These and a number of other issues and challenges today are highlighted in this study. The object of research is palliative and hospice care.The research was preceded by the following questions: to analyze current problems of palliative and hospice care in Ukraine and the world; to analyze the regulatory and legal support for palliative care in Ukraine; to study statistical data on the need for palliative and hospice care in Ukraine and local communities; to conduct a survey of residents of the united territorial communities on their awareness of palliative and hospice care and its needs in communities; develop recommendations for the implementation of modern methods of palliative care for residents of united territorial communities. The analysis examined the experience of European countries in this issue and the challenges facing Ukraine. The legal framework governing the provision of palliative care to terminally ill patients in Ukraine was analyzed. A representative survey was conducted on public awareness of the provision of palliative and hospice care to patients among the population of Sumy region. 150 respondents took part in the survey: 33% of women and 67% of men. According to the results of the research, hypotheses about the problems and needs of hospice and palliative care were confirmed. It has been found that the elderly and people with incurable diseases need it the most, and most agree that such people should be cared for in special institutions that need to be formed at the level of territorial communities. Which in turn has a significant impact on the place brand formation due to the stakeholders involvement. As a result of the study, proposals were presented to address current issues of palliative and hospice care in Ukraine, using the experience of EU countries and the implementation of it through the efforts of local communities, which in turn forms the brand of the place.
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