Current policies in energy sector address issues including environmentally friendly technologies, clean and renewable energy supplies and encourage more efficient energy use. The biofuel policy aims to promote production and consumption of fuels made from biomass. Despite the presence of both positive and negative effects of biofuels the world production and consumption of biofuels have been increasing significantly. To a large extent, this is due to an active public policy in the field of stimulating the production and consumption of biofuels. The volume of biofuel production in the leading countries (USA, Brazil and the EU) has been analyzed. The influence of public policy in the sphere of biofuel production and consumption on energy, environment and food security of the state has been examined. Multivariable and paired correlation as well as regression analysis aimed to determine the price dependence of the main crops used as feedstock for biofuels production, the volume of their production or processing for biofuels and the volumes of biofuel production have been carried out. As a result of this analysis the impact of the public policies in biofuels on the еnergy, environment and food security has been identified.
The need to study energy crops as an alternative source of energy for providing the population and rural development is justified in the article. In the course of the study, the following methods were used: laboratory – to determine the moisture content in the phytomass, field – to determine the quantitative indicators of plants and biomass productivity, special – to determine the energy and economic efficiency of biomass production. Features of yield formation and yield of dry biomass of energy crops by quantitative indices of plants were determined. The economic and energy efficiency of biomass production, as well as the output of solid biofuel, its energy intensity and energy output have been calculated. A logistic scheme for biomass cultivation including the use and supply of biomass from biomass energy crops (from producer to consumer) has been developed. It has been found that switchgrass and giant miscanthus of the third to fifth year of vegetation form a high yield of dry biomass (up to 15.2 and 18.8 t / ha, respectively) with a maximum level of production profitability - up to 108.6% and 128.1%, provide high indicators of biofuel output (up to 18.2 and 24.0 t / ha) and energy (up to 313.0 and 396.0 GJ / ha) with an average level of energy efficiency coefficient (Kee> 4.5).
Разом зі зростанням населення планети, виробництво енергії постійно збільшується. Тільки за останні 100 років населення Землі зросло в чотири рази, а річне виробництво енергії збільшилось у 21 раз. Статтю присвячено дослідженню розвитку біоенергетики як складової забезпечення енергетичної безпеки України. Обгрунтовано передумови розвитку біоенергетики в Україні. Узагальнено підходи до визначення терміну "енергетична безпека". Визначено складові системи енергетичної безпеки. Проаналізовано фактори, що впливають на загрозу енергетичної безпеки України. Узагальнено підходи до визначення терміну "енергетична ефективність" у працях зарубіжних та українських вчених. Здійснено класифікацію бар'єрів на шляху до розвитку енергоефективності. Визначено основні тенденції розвитку енергетики у XXI ст. Проаналізовано динаміку споживання первинних енергоресурсів у світі. Узагальнено внутрішні і зовнішні загрози енергетичній безпеці України. Проаналізовано структуру світового енергоспоживання та споживання енергії в Україні за видами енергоресурсів. Здійснено прогноз зростання частки відновлюваних джерел енергії відповідно до Енергетичної стратегії України до 2035. Сформовано та обгрунтовано три сценарії розвитку сектору біоенергетики в Україні.Energy is a special economy sector due to its technological specificity, which is determined by the physical complexity of the processes of production, distribution and consumption of energy resources, the construction of the industry (high capital and material consumption of energy facilities, long construction and operation periods), close relationships with other industries, and also a high degree of dependence of mining, processing, production and transport processes on the level of their energy supply.With the growing population of the planet, energy production is constantly increasing. Over the past 100 years, the world's population has quadrupled, and annual energy production has increased in 21 times.The problem of ensuring the energy security of Ukraine has become urgent in connection with the gradual depletion of the main fuel and energy resources, which, in turn, contributed to the aggravation of geopolitical conflicts in attempts to capture, control over the extraction, distribution and transportation of fuel and energy resources. Therefore, to
In order to reduce the dependence on fossil energy sources in Ukraine, the need to develop its own alternative energy fuels production has arisen. Switchgrass is used in many countries as an efficient energy non-food crop for biofuel production. The main methods to use switchgrass for energy purposes is the production of electricity through gasification, combined combustion and the production of second-generation biofuels. Due to the relevance of the energy security problem in Ukraine, the need to develop an optimized switchgrass growing technology is substantiated in the article. The energy efficiency of optimized cultivation technology based on calculated indicators has been established. The impact of conditions and cultivation techniques on yield of switchgrass has been investigated. The effects of optimized growing technology and growing conditions on the energy efficiency of switchgrass biomass production have been studied. The energy output and energy efficiency coefficient, depending on the technology of growing switchgrass has been established. The results of long-term studies show an increase in the yield of this crop (at a level or above 15.0 t / ha), depending on the elements of the cultivation technology and growing conditions.
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