Today clearing of contaminated soils from heavy metals, pesticide residues is very important problem for Ukraine. Soil pollution is considered to be the result of the functioning of metallurgical and chemical industrial enterprises, as well as the irrational application of chemical plant protection means in the agricultural sector. The range of such preparations as well as the areas of contaminated soils are increasing every year. Phytoremediation with the help of herbaceous plants is one of the most effective methods of decontamination. This list of plants should be supplemented by perennial energy crops, taking into account the absorbing powers of their root system. The basis for preparing the material was the multiple scientific literary sources of domestic and foreign scientists on an investigated theme, the workingout of relevant techniques and scientific and practical recommendations. We applied both general scientific methods (dialectics, analysis and synthesis) and special ones for conducting of analytical review of literature. The largest area of soil in Ukraine is contaminated with cobalt, molybdenum, and copper, whose content exceeds not only the background values but also the maximum permissible concentrations (MPC). It has been defined that the intensity of heavy metals transition in the system "soil-plant" of the energy crops has the following form Cd→Cu→Zn→Pb. Perennial energy crops are capable to create quickly an above ground phytomass and to form an aggressive root system that enables them to accumulate heavy metals from the soil. They can be new and important plants for phytoremediation. At the same time, the energy crops are allocated in accordance with agroclimatic zoning taking into account plant responses to the growing conditions and also applying the scheme of soil remediation from heavy metals. It has been established that energy crops (Switchgrass and Silvergrass) are Hyperaccumulators. They actively absorb heavy metals and partialy accumulate them in their underground and above ground parts. Silvergrass (Miscanthus giganteus) provides higher yield than switchgrass (Panicum virgatum), though switchgrass has less dry matter content, higher accumulation of heavy metals in plant phytomass but the maximum permissible concentration is lower than regulated standards. Silvergrass (Miscanthus giganteus) provides higher yield than switchgrass (Panicum virgatum), though switchgrass has less dry matter content, higher accumulation of heavy metals in plant phytomass and maximum permissible concentration is lower than regulated standards. On termination of the vegetation, the above-ground vegetative mass of these plants can undergo to proper processing that is an additional source of nonferrous metals or biofuel production for energy purposes.

Growing plants for biofuel production on marginal lands is of major importance in many developing countries. As a biomass source, switchgrass (<em>Panicum virgatum</em> L.) is a most adaptable plastic crop, forming extensive ground cover and vegetative biomass, providing a very high productivity over a short period of time. This study investigated the effects of cultivation (type of growing conditions and N fertilization rates) on biomass yields and changes in the structure of the switchgrass phytocenosis in different types of cropping systems. The biomass yields in stripe and mixed crops were higher than in single crops in the third year of cultivation. Switchgrass plants in intercrops were characterized by a greater height and number of shoots per unit area compared to mixed crops and monocultures. Biomass yields increased with each year of this research. The maximum biomass yields were attained with 30 kg ha⁻¹ of N fertilization and the minimum yields where there was no fertilization.

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Кулик М.И., Сипливая Н.А. Уровень урожайности проса прутьевидного в зависимости от сорта и срока уборки В статье по результатам исследований проведен учет количественных показателей растений проса прутьевидного по сортам, определена урожайность в течение 2010-2015 годов на время окончания осенней до возобновления весенней вегетации растений. Установлено, что урожайность сортов проса прутьевидного осеннего сбора урожая будет самой большой и меняется в широких пределах-от 9,4 до 16,3 т/га, весеннегозначительно меньше, варьируется от 7,7 до 13,9 т/га. Среди изучаемых сортов в среднем за годы исследования наибольший уровень урожайности обеспечили сорта Форесбург (16,2 т/га), Картадж (16,3 т/га) и Кейв-ин-рок (15,8 т/га). При весеннем сроке сбора урожая эти же сорта обеспечили наибольшую урожайность биомассы, но с более низкими показателями по сравнению с осенним учетом. По результатам исследований выделены сорта проса прутьевидного, которые формируют высокую и стабильную урожайность по сухой массе при осеннем сборе урожая: Форесбург, Кейв-ин-рок и Картадж. Ключевые слова: урожайность, просо прутьевидное, сорт, срок сбора, сухая масса. Kulyk M.I., Syplyva N.A. Level productivity switchgrass depending on the sort and time harvesting Based on the results of research counted accounting of quantitative indicator plants switchgrass and define yields in the 2010-2015 on the time ending of the autumn and recovery growth of plants. Defined, that yields of sorts switchgrass on the autumn of yield is the highest and changing within from 9,4 to 16,3 t/ha, on the period's spring is a lot of the lower and within from 7,7 to 13,9 t/ha. Years of the study of sorts to showed is the highest yields have the sorts Forresburg (16,2 t/ha), Carthage (16,3 t/ha), Cave-In-Rock (15,8 t/ha). This sorts got the highest yields of biomass during the spring period but they have the lower yields during the autumn period. Sorts: Forresburg, Cave-In-Rock, Carthage get high yields of dry mass during the autumn period.

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The need to study energy crops as an alternative source of energy for providing the population and rural development is justified in the article. In the course of the study, the following methods were used: laboratory – to determine the moisture content in the phytomass, field – to determine the quantitative indicators of plants and biomass productivity, special – to determine the energy and economic efficiency of biomass production. Features of yield formation and yield of dry biomass of energy crops by quantitative indices of plants were determined. The economic and energy efficiency of biomass production, as well as the output of solid biofuel, its energy intensity and energy output have been calculated. A logistic scheme for biomass cultivation including the use and supply of biomass from biomass energy crops (from producer to consumer) has been developed. It has been found that switchgrass and giant miscanthus of the third to fifth year of vegetation form a high yield of dry biomass (up to 15.2 and 18.8 t / ha, respectively) with a maximum level of production profitability - up to 108.6% and 128.1%, provide high indicators of biofuel output (up to 18.2 and 24.0 t / ha) and energy (up to 313.0 and 396.0 GJ / ha) with an average level of energy efficiency coefficient (Kee> 4.5).

The article presented discusses the need to use plant biomass made of energy crops grown in marginal soils as an alternative energy source. Variability of biometric indicators of the plant vegetative parts (productivity elements) was experimentally established: stem quantity per area unit and stem height depending on the soil and weather conditions. Based on the five-year research, there was observed a significant influence of soil and climatic growing conditions (average daily air temperature; rainfall; soil fertility) on formation of crop energy productivity. Results showed that the variability of stem density and height; dry phytomass productivity of millet switchgrass and giant miscanthus during observed years depended on the studied factors. Correlation-regression analysis proved and characterized the influence of soil and climatic conditions during the growing season of energy crops on the yield of dry phytomass of millet switchgrass and giant miscanthus in the central part of the Ukraine forest-steppe. The impact proportion share of weather conditions and plant productivity elements on the level of energy crops yields was calculated.

Анотація. У статті висвітлено необхідність удосконалення елементів технології вирощування (системи живлення) пшениці озимої нових сортів, з урахуванням змін клімату і контрастних погодних умов вегетаційного періоду культури. Встановлено вплив системи удобрення (основного та весняного) і застосування позакореневого підживлення на урожайність пшениці озимої за роки проведення експерименту. На фоні основного внесення Ы 30 (РК) 60 максимальну урожайність (5,9 т/га) отримали при ранньовесняному підживленні Ы 30 на варіантах із сумісним застосуванням позакореневого підживлення Мономіді і КАС. Досліджено і визначено вплив погодних умов періоду інтенсивного росту та розвитку рослин та формування і накопичення запасних речовин у насінині на урожайність пшениці озимої м'якої. За результатами дослідження встановлено, що нівелювання негативного впливу погодних умов весняно-літної вегетації пшениці озимої можливо зменшити агротехнічним шляхом: проведення ранньовесняного кореневого підживлення посівів та застосування позакореневого підживлення рослин у фазу весняного кущіння на фоні основного внесення добрив.