This research was carried out at the Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory (PTCL) in Faculty of Environmental Agricultural Sciences, Arish University, Egypt during 2013 to 2016. The aim of this study was using tissue culture technique for the micropropagation of Origanum syriacum L. plant. One node cutting and shoot tip were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS), Nitsch and Nitsch (NN) and Gamborg (B5) media. The results showed that shoot tip cultured on the MS medium had the best combination for the establishment stage of mother plants. Shoots cultured on MS medium supplemented with0.50 mgl -1 Kin and 0.05 mgl -1 NAA produced the highest shoots developed during multiplication stage. MS medium supplemented with 0.40 mgl -1 thiamine achieved the best shoots development compared with the other additive treatments and control. Addition of 1 mgl -1 IBA to the full strength MS medium and 1.00 mgl -1 IAA to the half strength MS had the highest number of main roots and root lengths. Hardening the produced rooted plantlets were done in a greenhouse in pots containing mixture of peatmoss, vermiculite and washed sand at the rate (1:1:1) and after adjustment of mixture pH. Plantlets were successfully acclimated with 93 % survive.

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In this study the efficacy of three chemical fungicides as well as five different biological control agents were tested in vitro against several isolates of Fusarium oxysporum from wilted date palm trees grown in North Sinai. The three commercial fungicides were: Tachigaren 30% SL, Rhizolex-T 50% WP and Dithane M-45 80% WP. Whereas the biological control agents included three fungal species namely: Trichoderma album, T. harzianum and T. strigosum. As well as the two bacteria: Bacillus megaterium and B. subtilis. Tachigaren was the most effective fungicide in reducing the fungal growth of all tested isolates of F. oxysporum. Rhizolex T-50 ranked second while Dithane M-45 was the least effective fungicide in reducing the mycelial growth of the tested isolates of F. oxysporum in vitro. Trichoderma harzianum was the most effective biocontrol agent in inhibiting the mycelial growth of all tested F. oxysporum isolates followed by T. album and then T. strigosum. On the other hand, Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus subtilis were generally non effective in reducing mycelial growth of the tested isolates of F. oxysporum in vitro.

Inducing resistance against powdery mildew caused by Sphaerotheca fuliginea in cucumber (cv. Beta Alfa) was investigated under filed conditions as fungicides alternatives. Biotic inducers (Bacillus subtilis) were sprayed onto the upper two true cucumber leaves. And water was used as negative control. Further, specific activities of defense-related enzymes (peroxidase, polyphenol-oxidase,catalses) and total phenols were spectrophotometrically measured in cucumber leaves and after inoculation with fungal spores. Results showed that, biotic tested inducers reduced the disease severity on the treated leaves, increased (plant length, root length, and plant dry weight) and increased the activities of defense-related enzymes, low doses of gamma radiation increased the vegetative growth specially doses at 15 and 20 Gray (Gy).

This study focuses on using olive mill waste water (OMWW) as a novel biological treatment to decrease plant diseases while improving food quality. Root-knot nematode Meloidogyne is considered one of the main tomato diseases in North Sinai. The current study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of diffracting olive mill waste waters concentrations compared with the nematicide Oxamylon on Tomato Root-knot. OMWW was applied daily to tomato plants growing in sandy loam soil for three months. Represented five different concentration of OMWW (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) used for irrigation during the experiment. The positive control treatment was treated with Oxamyl at recommended dose. The negative control was watered only with tap water (0%). The results showed that mortality rates of M. incognita were significantly affected by concentrations. All treatments were superior to the untreated control in reducing nematode, except for OMWWs at 100 %, which was equivalent to the control treatment. The largest drop in root galling numbers Oxamyl was achieved (75.73%) was followed by 50% at (73.81%), 75% (68.01%), and 25% (39.67%). The highest reductions rated were recorded with the 50%and 75% concentrations used of OMWW. Overall, in the effort of efficient biological treatments was achieved for root knot control measures in tomato, the OMWW application may be used as one factor of integrated root-knot nematode management.