Black-ripe olives (Olea europaea cv. Ascolano, Manzanillo, Mission, and Sevillano), intended for oil
extraction, were stored at 5 °C for 6−8 weeks to evaluate their postharvest physiology and quality
changes. Also, samples of olives were placed at 20 °C for 2 weeks to determine the deterioration
rate of four cultivars at ambient temperature. Fruit quality evaluations included color, visual quality,
fruit firmness, mass loss, and water and oil content. Decay incidence, physiological disorders, and
respiration and ethylene production rates of the olives were also recorded. Olive oil quality was
determined by analysis of titratable acidity, peroxide value, K
232 and K
270 coefficients, and fatty
acid composition of the olives. Fruit and oil quality of Ascolano and Manzanillo cultivars deteriorated
more rapidly than that of Mission and Sevillano olives. Black-ripe Manzanillo and Ascolano olives
could be stored with good air circulation at 5 °C for 2 and 4 weeks, respectively, whereas Mission
and Sevillano cultivars could be stored for 6−8 weeks at 5 °C with maintenance of good fruit and
oil quality.
Keywords: Olea europaea; olive; cultivar; fatty acids; olive oil; quality; storage
This study was carried out during the two consecutive seasons of 2012 and 2013 in shade house for Plant Production Dept. Fac. Environ. Agri. Sci. Suez Canal Univ. Egypt. Two citrus six-month-old uniform seedling citrus rootstocks namely: Sour orange and Volkamer lemon transferred into black plastic tube PVC (15 cm diameter x 40 cm depth) filled with 2kg growth media mixture of sand soil and peat moss (4:1 by volume) and irrigated using the tap water at 14 days before run treatments. These seedlings were subjected to three different irrigation saline water levels (tap water 700 "control", 2000, and 3000 ppm) to determine the effects of water salt level on growth parameters, chemical compositions, leaf total pigments and proline. The results obtained showed that Volkamer lemon seedlings had the greatest leaf and root biomass, photosynthetic pigments, proline, leaf k content and area of root vascular bundle and had the lowest values leaf N, Cl and Na content, thickness of root cortex, thickness of mesophyll tissue and leaf blade, while Sour orange seedlings were on the contrary. On the other hand, irrigation with the saline water caused decrease the all vegetative growth parameters, plant photosynthetic pigments and area of root vascular cylinder, while increased the leaf N, Cl and Na content, leaf proline concentration and thickness of root cortex, thickness of mesophyll tissue and leaf blade. Finally, vegetative growth parameters, leaf mineral and leaf total pigments analysis and anatomy features for root and leaf blade indicated that Volkamer lemon rootstock is more tolerant to salinity of irrigation water.
Water salinity is a limiting factor stressed plants and associated with low wheat productivity in new reclaimed areas in Egypt such as North Sinai. Sea water is available water resources and renewable and non-exploited, it is necessary to maximize use of this water through scientific research for use in irrigation of wheat, to increase the cultivated area and thus, increase production towards self-sufficiency. So, two field experiments were carried out seasons aiming to investigate the response of three wheat cultivar (Triticum aestivum. L.; Masr 1 , Masr 2, Sakha 93 ) to four mixing ratios between well-water and sea water (control, 3:1, 2:1 and 1:1). Plants were subjected to salinity treatments at 60 days after sowing (DAS). Results showed that Masr 2 and Masr 1 cvs were superior for yield and its attributes, the superiority was obtained from Masr 2 cv as well as seed content of proline and protein. Also, dry leaf content of Na + and Cl -2 were higher for Masr 2 as compared to the other studied cultivars under low mixing ratio (3:1 Well water: Sea water), while, the K + concentration was decreased with the same treatment of Masr 2 . For soil analysis, EC, Na + , Mg +2 , K + , HCO 3 -2 and Clincreased but Ca -2 decreased under the highest mixing ratio (1 Well water: 1 Sea water). So, it could be recommended to cultivate Masr 2 wheat cultivar under North Sinai conditions, using mixing ratio 3 Well water : 1 Sea water to maximize the benefit of sea water and gain economic productivity of bread wheat in this area and similar regions.
Kalamata" olive trees (Olea europea L.) about 10-years-old of nearly moderate vigor and productivity grown in sandy loam soil were selected. The trees were planted at 6×7 m apart under drip irrigation system. All trees received regularly the annual horticultural practices as usually adopted in the orchards. The four organic fertilizer sources i.e., fish scrap 2.5 Kg/ tree/ year, goat manure 16.8 Kg/tree/year, chicken manure 7.8 Kg/tree / year and olive pomace 8.5 Kg/tree/year; were applied with combination of biofertilizers Nitrobein 150 g/tree/year and Protamine ® 1.5% and dissolving in one liter of water then added to the soil at three times, at 70% full-bloom, after fruit set and a month later. According to the results obtained in this study, it is possible to recommend the use of organic fertilization, especially fish scrap, through the addition of bio-fertilization using Nitrobein with amino acid Protamine at a concentration of 1.5% combined. This treatment improved the vegetative growth and the leaf mineral content of olive trees to protecting the environment from the problems of pollution resulting from mineral fertilization as well as the use of environmental waste.
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