Black-ripe olives (Olea europaea cv. Ascolano, Manzanillo, Mission, and Sevillano), intended for oil
extraction, were stored at 5 °C for 6−8 weeks to evaluate their postharvest physiology and quality
changes. Also, samples of olives were placed at 20 °C for 2 weeks to determine the deterioration
rate of four cultivars at ambient temperature. Fruit quality evaluations included color, visual quality,
fruit firmness, mass loss, and water and oil content. Decay incidence, physiological disorders, and
respiration and ethylene production rates of the olives were also recorded. Olive oil quality was
determined by analysis of titratable acidity, peroxide value, K
232 and K
270 coefficients, and fatty
acid composition of the olives. Fruit and oil quality of Ascolano and Manzanillo cultivars deteriorated
more rapidly than that of Mission and Sevillano olives. Black-ripe Manzanillo and Ascolano olives
could be stored with good air circulation at 5 °C for 2 and 4 weeks, respectively, whereas Mission
and Sevillano cultivars could be stored for 6−8 weeks at 5 °C with maintenance of good fruit and
oil quality.
Keywords: Olea europaea; olive; cultivar; fatty acids; olive oil; quality; storage
Water salinity is a limiting factor stressed plants and associated with low wheat productivity in new reclaimed areas in Egypt such as North Sinai. Sea water is available water resources and renewable and non-exploited, it is necessary to maximize use of this water through scientific research for use in irrigation of wheat, to increase the cultivated area and thus, increase production towards self-sufficiency. So, two field experiments were carried out seasons aiming to investigate the response of three wheat cultivar (Triticum aestivum. L.; Masr 1 , Masr 2, Sakha 93 ) to four mixing ratios between well-water and sea water (control, 3:1, 2:1 and 1:1). Plants were subjected to salinity treatments at 60 days after sowing (DAS). Results showed that Masr 2 and Masr 1 cvs were superior for yield and its attributes, the superiority was obtained from Masr 2 cv as well as seed content of proline and protein. Also, dry leaf content of Na + and Cl -2 were higher for Masr 2 as compared to the other studied cultivars under low mixing ratio (3:1 Well water: Sea water), while, the K + concentration was decreased with the same treatment of Masr 2 . For soil analysis, EC, Na + , Mg +2 , K + , HCO 3 -2 and Clincreased but Ca -2 decreased under the highest mixing ratio (1 Well water: 1 Sea water). So, it could be recommended to cultivate Masr 2 wheat cultivar under North Sinai conditions, using mixing ratio 3 Well water : 1 Sea water to maximize the benefit of sea water and gain economic productivity of bread wheat in this area and similar regions.
The present study was carried out during two successive seasons (2011 and 2012) on "Picual" olive trees (Oleaeuropaea L.), at a private orchard of El-Arish located on El-Arish Airport Road, North Sinai Governorate, Egypt to study the effect of some growth regulators (Gibberellic acid (GA 3 ) at 75 ppm, Ethephon at 150 ppm, Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA at 50 ppm) and antioxidants (aqueous extract Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa), Cumin (Cuminumcyminum) and Ginger (Zingiberofficinale) on leaf nutrient content, as well as fruit and oil qualities of picual olive trees. The trees were sprayed with growth regulators three times, at late February (one month before beginning of the flowering), during full bloom period and 10 days after fruit set. While, Different antioxidant applications were sprayed transaction in three stages: the first application was applied after the first contract and prior to flowering, the second application wasz applied after two weeks from first spraying, and the third one was applied two weeks before harvest. This study were exposed to proper statistical analysis of variance for a randomized complete block design RCBD (two factors split plots) with three replicates and each replicate was represented by two trees.The results showed that NAA treatment recorded the highest value of N% content, while, Ethephon treatment had the highest values of P and K. The highest values of N% were found with H.sabdariffa and C. cyminum extract gave the highest increase in P and K% during both seasons. GA 3 and H. sabdariffa gave the highest values of fruit and oil yields as well as Fruit physical and chemical properties in both seasons.
This study was carried out during the two consecutive seasons of 2012 and 2013 in shade house for Plant Production Dept. Fac. Environ. Agri. Sci. Suez Canal Univ. Egypt. Two citrus six-month-old uniform seedling citrus rootstocks namely: Sour orange and Volkamer lemon transferred into black plastic tube PVC (15 cm diameter x 40 cm depth) filled with 2kg growth media mixture of sand soil and peat moss (4:1 by volume) and irrigated using the tap water at 14 days before run treatments. These seedlings were subjected to three different irrigation saline water levels (tap water 700 "control", 2000, and 3000 ppm) to determine the effects of water salt level on growth parameters, chemical compositions, leaf total pigments and proline. The results obtained showed that Volkamer lemon seedlings had the greatest leaf and root biomass, photosynthetic pigments, proline, leaf k content and area of root vascular bundle and had the lowest values leaf N, Cl and Na content, thickness of root cortex, thickness of mesophyll tissue and leaf blade, while Sour orange seedlings were on the contrary. On the other hand, irrigation with the saline water caused decrease the all vegetative growth parameters, plant photosynthetic pigments and area of root vascular cylinder, while increased the leaf N, Cl and Na content, leaf proline concentration and thickness of root cortex, thickness of mesophyll tissue and leaf blade. Finally, vegetative growth parameters, leaf mineral and leaf total pigments analysis and anatomy features for root and leaf blade indicated that Volkamer lemon rootstock is more tolerant to salinity of irrigation water.
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