Cooperative as company structure (bangun perusahaan) is a concept developed by the Founding Fathers, enshrined in Article 33.1 of the 1945 Constitution. This concept is further developed by renowned economists and lawyers as well. This Article explores the thoughts of Mohammad Hatta, Soepomo, economists and lawyers who have contributed to the development of the concept of cooperatives as company structure. Subsequently, it will offer a framework in which the constitutional stipulation of "a common endeavor based on familial principles" serves as the philosophical basis for the concept. Using Sri-Edi Swasono's Idea of "Triple-Co" as yardstick, the concept of cooperatives as company structure ought to be the spirit of any legal regulation concerning business organization. Finally, this article recommends a legal political option that might be pursued by the Government to realize the ideals of our Founding Fathers concerning business organization as stipulated in Article 33.1 of the 1945 Constitution.
Ketika rejim Orde Baru jatuh pada bulan Mei 1998, peristiwa ini merupakan peluang untuk tumbuhnya proses demokratisasi dihawah kepemimpinan sipil di Indonesia maupun di Papua. Namun sayangnya. setelah lebih lIari lima tahun era reformasi berjalan. penyelesian K(}nrtikPapua secara komprehensif belum juga membawa titik terang. Sampai akhir tahun 2003, penyelesaian konflik Papua mengalami kebuntuan yang serius. Jalan ke arah dialog. negosiasi. rekonsiliasi, dan praktik politik bersama yang lebih demokratis masih tetap merupakan mimpi di siang bolong. Pasca orde baru pertarungan-pertarungan politik masih mengandalkan kekerasan. Setiap kasus kekerasan baik yang dilakukan oleh TNl, polisi, Satgas Papua, OPM, pendatang, atau kelompok masyarakat lainnya telah membuat penyempitan ruang dialog baik yang bersifat horizontal maupun vertikal. Jatuhnya korban jiwa dalam penolakan kebijakan pemekaran di Papua, adalah bukti nyata hahwa kekerasan masih sangat dominan dalam kontlik Papua pasca Orde Baru.
Dalam konteks nasional politik hukum seharusnya mendahulukan kepentingan nasional ketimbang kepentingan global. Tanpa memperhatikan kepentingan itu, bukan saja mengandung konflik hukum di dalam negeri tetapi juga dapat menyebabkan konflik politik dan ekonomi yang lebih luas. Dalam menghadapi problema yang sulit ini, diperlukan kearifan serta kebijaksanan para penyelenggara negara dan kecerdasan masyarakat untuk melihat ke arah mana dampak dari globalisasi terhadap produk hukum. Penyelenggara negara dengan partisipasi masyarakat harus dapat melihat bahwa penyatuan regulasi yang tidak mempertimbangkan kenyataan yang hidup dalam masyarakat justru menimbulkan ketidakpatuhan terhadap hukum karena merasa asing dan tidak adil.
Deed of Recognition of Debt is a deed that is generally made by the notary public, followed by binding guarantees that are attached (accessoir) the main agreement. In practice, the Deed of Recognition of Debt can be transferred to another party who is willing to buy it, so that The Sale and Purchase Agreement of Rights to Cessie and Agreements of Transfer of Rights to Cessie is notarized made. The last party who has the cessie rights sometimes does not get his rights because the debtor is no longer known to exist. That is why the party who has the cessie rights claims it to District Court so that it can be determined as the owner of the object of collateral. This case happened at the North Jakarta District Court No. 123/Pdt.G/2018/PN. JKT.UTR where the Panel of Judges decided that the Court's Decision could be a substitute of the land deed sell and purchase based on the sale and purchase agreement of rights to cessie and agreements of transfer of rights to cessie. This court decision is certainly a new legal breakthrough, especially in the notarial and land affairs fields. This type of research is normative with qualitative data analysis, and concluding deductive means. Based on the author's analysis, The Sale and Purchase Agreement of Rights to Cessie and Agreements of Transfer of Rights to Cessie is valid is authentic deeds that are valid and in accordance with applicable law. The public notaries also run their authority properly, so that the deeds have fulfilled the external, formal, and material aspects. Land deed officer who will make the deed on Land Certificate Number. 5217/Bojongnangka has been protected by law because the Land deed officer is obliged to obey the Decision of the Panel of Judges as the competent general authority, and the land deed officer only run his authority after the Land Office of Tangerang Regency has processed the owner's name change of initials TN to SS.
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