In the development of effective methods of prevention and treatment of poultry today, importance is given to probiotics based on microbial cultures, in particular, lactobacilli, bifidobacteria, yeast, etc. In contrast to antibiotics, the use of probiotics stimulates the immune response of animals, restores the microflora of the gastrointestinal tract, and ensures its optimal ratio. At the same time, livestock products remain safe for the consumer. The purpose of our work was to conduct comparative clinical trials of the efficiency of the probiotic feed additive Probion-forte in terms of productivity, blood indices, and histological structure of immune organs of chicken broilers during fattening. The clinical studies were carried out with broiler chickens of “Cobb-500” cross at the age of 2 days, which were formed into four groups (300 units in each one). In order to determine the efficiency of application, probiotic feed additives were given to chickens in different concentrations during the growing period, together with the main diet. The first group (1st) was given probiotic Probion-forte in the dose of 1 g/kg of feed, the second group (2nd) – Probion-forte in a dose of 0.5 g/kg, the third (3rd) one – a probiotic-analog “Bio plus 2B” in a dose of 0.4 g/kg; the forth (4th) group was a control group – chickens received an essential diet, without adding any feed additives. The compound feed was provided according to norms recommended for the cross “Cobb-500”, considering age. On the 15th, 30th, and 43rd day of the test, 20 units were selected for hematological, pathomorphological and microbiological tests. The productivity of birds of all studied groups was evaluated by the average daily gains, safety, feed conversion, and slaughter output. The stabilized with EDTA chicken blood was used for morphological studies, and blood serum – for biochemical and immunological studies. Comparative clinical studies have shown that adding to the main diet of broiler chickens probiotic feed additive Probion-forte at a dose of 0.5 and 1.0 g/kg throughout the growing period increases the safety and improves feed digestibility, and increases the bird’s European Efficiency Index. Based on the obtained hematological, biochemical, and immunological parameters of blood, it can be argued about the activating effect on the body of broiler chickens probiotic feed additives, namely the intensification of reanimation of free amino acids, which increases the content of the studied metabolites of lipid metabolism, which chickens use as energy and plastic material. Stimulating cellular and humoral protection, nonspecific resistance is established, confirmed by a high level of lysozyme activity in blood serum and significantly higher content of T- and B-lymphocytes, NK-cells, and γ-globulins. The macro- and microscopic structure of the studied immune organs is preserved in all groups of broiler chickens. Compared with the control group, morphometric examination in the immune organs of broiler chickens of the first and second groups revealed an increase in the area and density of lymphoid elements, an increase in the number of plasmablasts and plasma cells, much higher structural and functional capacity of cells, which was reflected at the ultrastructural level. The most significant difference was found in the 1st group of chickens fed with the feed additive Probion-forte at a dose of 1.0 g/kg of feed.
In the article the results of clinical trials are given in relation to an unconcern and efficiency of new veterinary preparation Bioton, to solution for per oral application, that contains complex biologically active foods of metabolism of mushrooms-endophytes (Cylindrocarpon Magnusianum), medical plants abstracted from a root. For the study of application of veterinary preparation Bioton it was formed 3 groups of turkeys of cross «Big-6», for 25 heads in each. The first group got preparation in a dose a 1 ml/l, the second group got in a dose 2 ml/l of water during 7day in 1, 6, 15, 21 week to fattening, the third group did not get preparation – control. The dynamics of change of body weight was determined by the individual weekly weighing. In times of carrying out the test of rejections in relation to behavior, clinical state of turkeys and diseases did not appear. Preparation Bioton, solution for per oral application, well carried by turkeys, did not cause structural changes in the investigated internals, assisted the improvement of metabolic processes, increase of body and for slaughter exit of carcass weight. Macroscopic of internal organs of turkeys that got preparation Bioton, in a dose 1–2 ml/l of water during 7 days in 1, 6, 15, 21 week of fattening, kept a characteristic anatomic structure. Weight coefficients of thymus, bursa of Fabricius, of testicles were higher in turkeys of the second group. The histological structure of the investigated internal organs specified on their active morphofunctional state in accordance with age of turkeys. The difference of indexes was more expressed in an experience group that got preparation Bioton in a dose 2 ml/l of water. Then, as for the turkeys of control group, we found out the changes of dystrophic-necrotizing character in a liver and atrophy of lymphoid tissue of organs the immune system.
The article elucidates the results of pathoanatomical and histological searches of peripheral immune organs for circovirus infection of piglets. In one of the farms of Transcarpathian region among the pigs of 3–4 months of age were found clinically ill animals, blood was taken, serum test was performed and circiiros was diagnosed. The pathoanatomical autopsy of 12 corpses of piglets was done. During the autopsy of corpses macroscopic changes were studied and samples of mesenteric lymph nodes and spleen were taken, which were fixed in 10% neutral formalin, dehydrated in alcohols of increasing concentration, followed by sealing and filling with paraffin. From paraffin blocks, histological cuts were made, stained with hematoxylin and eosin, using the Van Gizon method. Light microscopy and photographing were performed using a Leica DM-2500 (Switzerland) microscope and Leica DFC450C cameras and the Leica Application Suite Version 4.4 software. For macroscopic examination, in all cases, hyperplasia of the spleen and serous-hemorrhagic lymphadenitis have been established. For histological examination of mesenteric lymph nodes in sick piglets with cirrhosis against a background of severe congestive hyperemia, diapedeous hemorrhages, exudation, there was a sharp decrease in the number of lymphocytes in the lymph nodes, activation of reticuloendothelial cells, transformation of them into epithelioid and formation of giant cells. The detection of polycarocytes in the lymph nodes of sick piglets on the circus is a morphological confirmation of the cytopathic effect of the virus. The histological search of the spleen of pigs for circovirus infection on the background of blood filling, edema of trabeculae, plasma permeation of vascular walls was marked by an intensive decrease in the number of white pulp cells, as evidenced by a sharp decrease in the lymph nodes themselves. The revealed histostructural changes indicated a depletion of the spleen, suppression of its generative function, and an immunosuppressive state of one of the organs of immunogenesis.
In the article presents the results of the pathomorphological study on the toxicity of the new veterinary preparation immunomodulatory “Bioton”, to solution for per oral application that contains complex biologically active foods of metabolism of mushrooms-entophytes (Cylindrocarpon Magnusianum), medical plants abstracted from a root. The study of subacute toxicity of the preparation “Bioton” was carried out on male rats, with a body weight of 170–180 g, formed in two groups of 30 rats in each: I group (control) – received water; The second group was given an oral preparation “Bioton” at a rate of 170 mg/kg of body weight of the rat. Animals were kept under the conditions of vivarium SSRCIVMPFD of veterinary preparations and food supplements, with constant temperature of premises and humidity. The feeding provided a standard diet with constant access to water. The experimental studies carried out have found that intrauterine injection of “Bioton” drugs in a dose of 170 mg/kg of body weight for 30 days caused stimulation of immune protection factors, which was shown by a significant increase in the content of T- and B-lymphocytes and NK-cells, did not cause macro- and microscopic changes in the internal organs, and an increase in the coefficients of the mass of the thymus, spleen and testicles indicated the functional activity of organs with a high proliferative capacity of the parenchymal elements. Then, as the application for 60 days, caused negative changes in the morphological and immunological parameters of the blood, namely reduction of the number of red blood cells, hemoglobin content and growth of leukocytes due to the increase of neutrophil granulocytes, against the background of reduction of T- and B-lymphocytes, NK-cells compared to the control groups and development of pathological processes in the internal organs of rats. Histologically, the presence of the occidental involution of thymus and the cellular devastation of parenchyma of peripheral organs of the immune system of rats receiving the Bioton preparation for 60 days were confirmed. In further work an analysis of the biochemical parameters of blood of rats obtained for the study of toxicity of the drug “Bioton” will be conducted.
In order to improve the digestibility and absorption of feed, metabolic processes, growth and development of animals, increase the resistance of the body immunomodulatory agents, probiotics, prebiotics, combined enzyme-probiotic feed additives are widely used. The purpose of our work was to conduct comparative clinical trials of the effectiveness of the probiotic feed additive Probion-forte in terms of productivity, blood indices and histological structure of individual internal pigs organs during fattening. The researches were carried out on 120 piglets of big white breed at the age of 28 days, which were divided into 4 groups with 30 units in each one. The probiotics were added to feed in different concentrations in order to determine their efficiency and examine influence on piglets organism: the first group was given probiotic Probion-forte in dose of 1.0 g/kg (10 weeks); the second one – Probion in dose of 1.0 g/kg (6 weeks) and 0.5 g/kg (4 weeks); the third one was given probiotic Bio Plus 2B in dose of 0.4 g/kg for 10 weeks; and the fourth one was a control group. The compound feed was provided according to norms recommended for big white breed taking into account age. On the 42nd day (6 weeks) and on the 70th day of test 10 units were selected for haematological, pathomorphological and microbiological tests. The productivity of animals of all studied groups was evaluated by the average daily gains, safety, feed conversion and slaughter output. The stabilized with EDTA piglets’ blood was used for morphological studies, and blood serum – for biochemical studies. The clinical trials have shown that the application of Probion-forte, as a feed additive for fattening of piglets within 10 weeks after weaning, did not cause adverse reactions, was well tolerated by animals and contributed to the improvement of the processes of erythropoiesis and leucopoiesis, increased of serum total protein content. The increasing activity of serum transaminases indicated more intense metabolic processes in experimental animals’ organism, which was confirmed by increase in average daily weight gains and slaughter output compared to control. In the microscopic examination of the thymus, spleen, lymph nodes, intestines, liver, the characteristic histological structure of the organs was preserved and indicated their active morphofunctional state throughout the study period. Morphometrically the increase in the height of the villi in the duodenum and the size of the thymus lobes in piglets, which were fed with probiotic feed additives was established. The efficiency and appropriateness of the application of these products was confirmed in the first and second experimental groups. However, the most significant difference was observed in piglets fed with Probion-forte for 10 weeks at a dose of 1.0 g/kg of feed.
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