Pathomorphological characteristic of immune organs for circovirus infection of piglets

Abstract

The article elucidates the results of pathoanatomical and histological searches of peripheral immune organs for circovirus infection of piglets. In one of the farms of Transcarpathian region among the pigs of 3–4 months of age were found clinically ill animals, blood was taken, serum test was performed and circiiros was diagnosed. The pathoanatomical autopsy of 12 corpses of piglets was done. During the autopsy of corpses macroscopic changes were studied and samples of mesenteric lymph nodes and spleen were taken, which were fixed in 10% neutral formalin, dehydrated in alcohols of increasing concentration, followed by sealing and filling with paraffin. From paraffin blocks, histological cuts were made, stained with hematoxylin and eosin, using the Van Gizon method. Light microscopy and photographing were performed using a Leica DM-2500 (Switzerland) microscope and Leica DFC450C cameras and the Leica Application Suite Version 4.4 software. For macroscopic examination, in all cases, hyperplasia of the spleen and serous-hemorrhagic lymphadenitis have been established. For histological examination of mesenteric lymph nodes in sick piglets with cirrhosis against a background of severe congestive hyperemia, diapedeous hemorrhages, exudation, there was a sharp decrease in the number of lymphocytes in the lymph nodes, activation of reticuloendothelial cells, transformation of them into epithelioid and formation of giant cells. The detection of polycarocytes in the lymph nodes of sick piglets on the circus is a morphological confirmation of the cytopathic effect of the virus. The histological search of the spleen of pigs for circovirus infection on the background of blood filling, edema of trabeculae, plasma permeation of vascular walls was marked by an intensive decrease in the number of white pulp cells, as evidenced by a sharp decrease in the lymph nodes themselves. The revealed histostructural changes indicated a depletion of the spleen, suppression of its generative function, and an immunosuppressive state of one of the organs of immunogenesis.