Plant growth regulators and improved planting density are the innovative techniques in the establishment of more productive cotton crop. A field study was planned to assess the role of growth regulators in the resource utilization efficiency of cotton cultivars under different row spacing at Agronomic Research Area, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan and Usmania Agricultural Farm, Shujaabad during Kharif 2012. The study was comprised of cotton cultivars viz. CIM-573 and CIM-598, cultivated under conventional (75 cm), medium (50 cm) and improved ultra-narrow row spacing (25 cm) and foliar spray of growth regulators viz. moringa leaf extract (MLE) and mepiquat chloride (MC), either alone or in combination, distilled water as a control. The application of MLE alone and in combination (MLE + MC) showed the promoting effect on crop growth rate, net assimilation rate, leaf area index, leaf area duration, sympodial branches and number of bolls leading to higher seed cotton yield of both cotton cultivars grown under conventional row spacing. While application of MC averts the plant growth without considerably improving the productivity. MLE being rich source of growth promoting hormone and nutrients showed its potential to a far greater extent under conventional row spacing in efficient utilization of available resources compared to MC and distilled water. Eficiência do uso de recursos do algodão na geometria de plantio melhoradavs convencional com aplicação exógena de bioestimulante e retardante de crescimento sintético Resumo Reguladores de crescimento de plantas e melhor densidade de plantio são técnicas inovadoras no estabelecimento de culturas mais produtivas de algodão. Um estudo de campo foi planejado com o objetivo de avaliar o papel dos reguladores de crescimento na eficiência de uso de recursos de cultivares de algodão sob diferentes espaçamentos na Área de Pesquisa Agronômica, da Universidade Multil de Bahauddin Zakariya, e na Fazenda Agrícola da Usmania, Shujabad, durante o Kharif 2012. O estudo foi composto de cultivares de algodão CIM-573 e CIM-598, cultivados em espaçamento de linhas convencional (75 cm), médio (50 cm) e superestreito (25 cm) e de pulverização foliar de reguladores de crescimento, a saber, extrato de folhas de moringa (MLE) e cloreto de mepiquat (MC), isoladamente ou em combinação, e água destilada como controle. A aplicação de MLE isoladamente e em combinação (MLE + MC) mostrou efeito promotor na taxa de crescimento da cultura, taxa de assimilação líquida, índice de área foliar, duração de área foliar, ramos simpodiais e número de cápsulas levando à maior produção de algodão nas cultivares com espaçamento de linha convencional. Em contrapartida, a aplicação de MC evitou o crescimento da planta sem melhorar consideravelmente a produtividade. O MLE, por ser uma rica fonte de hormônio promotor de crescimento e nutrientes, mostrou seu potencial em uma extensão muito maior sob o espaçamento convencional entre as linhas no uso eficiente dos recursos disponíveis em comparação com o MC e a água...
ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan menghitung jumlah sel Goblet pada setiap 1000 sel absortif usus halus ayam kampung yang terinfeksi Ascaridia galli secara alami. Penelitian ini menggunakan 10 usus halus ayam kampung yang didapat dari pasar di Banda Aceh. Usus halus ayam kampung diukur kemudian dibagi menjadi tiga bagian (duodenum, jejunum, dan ileum). Kemudian masing-masing bagian usus dibelah dan dihitung jumlah cacing Ascaridia galli. Masing-masing bagian usus tersebut dipotong sepanjang 2 cm, lalu ditempelkan di kertas karton. Kemudian dibuat preparat histopatologis dengan pewarnaan hematoksilin dan eosin. Parameter dalam penelitian ini adalah jumlah sel Goblet pada setiap 1000 sel absortif duodenum, jejenum, dan ileum. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah sel Goblet pada setiap 1000 sel absorbtif usus halus yang terinfeksi Ascaridia galli dengan infeksi ringan, sedang, dan berat secara berturut-turut adalah 465, 480, dan 484. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa semakin banyak jumlah infeksi Ascaridia galli di duodenum, jejenum, dan ileum maka semakin meningkat proliferasi sel Goblet. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Kata kunci: ayam kampung, Ascaridia galli, sel Goblet ABSTRACT The study aimed to quantify Goblet cells in each 1000 absorptive cells of chicken small intestine (Gallus domesticus) naturally infected by Ascaridia galli. This study used 10 chicken intestines obtained from local market in Banda Aceh. The intestines were measured and divided into three sections (duodenum, jejenum, and ileum). Then each section were dissected and Ascaridia galli were counted from each segment. For all sections 2 cm were cut and fixed on hard paper prior to histophatological examination. The parameter in this study was the number of Goblet cells in each 1000 absorptive cells of duodenum, jejenum, and ileum. The results is showed that the number of Goblet cells in each 1000absorbtive cells chicken small intestine infected by Ascaridia galli with mild, moderate, and severe infections were 465, 480, and 484 respectively. In conclusion, the increasing number of Ascaridia galli infection in duodenum, jejenum, and ileum resulted in increasing of goblet cells proliferation. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
A field experiment was conducted at Regional Wheat Research Centre of the Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh for 2 consecutive years during 2006-07 and 2007-08. The objective was to find out the optimum nutrient management practice on leaf area index of each component crop of potato-mungbean-T. Aman rice cropping pattern. Twelve nutrient management treatments were tested in RCBD with 3 replications. Treatments combination based on cropping pattern were T1=HYG (0-198-44- 194-24-6-1.2 for potato; 0-24-40-48-24-3-1.2 for mungbean ; 0-80-16-44-12-2-0 for T.Aman rice ), T2=MYG (0-140-34-138-18-4.5-0.9 for potato; 0-20-36-40- 20-2-1 for mungbean ; 0-56-12-32-8-1.5-0 for T.Aman rice), T3=IPNS (10000- 168-38-170-18-6-1.2 for potato ; 5000-9-37-36-21-3-1.2 for mungbean ; 5000- 65-13-32-9-2-0 for T.Aman rice), T4=STB (0-171-40-164-22-5-1 for potato; 0- 20-36-40-22-2-1 for mungbean ; 0-68-15-37-11-2-0 for T.Aman rice), T5=FP (0- 97-16-91-0-0-0 for potato ; 0-6-5-4-0-0-0 for mungbean ; 0-39-37-12-0-0-0 for T.Aman rice), T6=CON (0-0-0-0-0-0-0 for potato, mungbean and T.Aman rice) kg/ha CDNPKSZnB, T7=HYG+CRI, T8=MYG+CRI, T9=IPNS+CRI, T10=STB+CRI, T11=FP+CRI, T12=CON+CRI for potato-mungbean T.Aman rice cropping pattern, respectively. Average of two years data showed that HYG+CRI treatment gave maximum LAI followed by HYG, IPNS+CRI, IPNS, STB+CRI, and STB treatments at 60 days after planting (DAP) for potato, at 50 days after sowing (DAS) for mungbean, at 60 days after transplanting (DAT) for T.Aman rice, respectively. For potato, there was a significant (p?0.01) and positive linear relation between the LAI at 60 DAP and the tuber yield. While there was a significant (p?0.01) and positive linear relationship between the LAI at 50 DAS and seed yield of mungbean. In case of T.Aman rice, there was a significant (p?0.05) as well as positive linear relationship between the LAI at 60 DAT and the grain yield of rice. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v39i3.21994 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 39(3): 515-527, September 2014
Snapper (Lutjanus sp.), which is an important marine fish resource, is known to have relatively low movement activity and form relatively small groups. These characteristics make these fish susceptible to various diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria. This study aims to identify the pathogenic bacterial species that contaminate snapper based on 16S rRNA gene analysis. The samples used in this study were the pathogenic bacterial isolates BPK-1 and BPK-2 which had previously been isolated from snapper fish originating from Banda Aceh waters. The bacteria were previously grown in nutrient broth (NB) media, then DNA genome from the bacteria was isolated using Presto ™ Mini g DNA Bacteria Kit, followed by PCR amplification of 16S rRNA gene. PCR products were sequenced and nucleotide sequence data were analyzed by bioinformatics software to construct phylogenetic tree. The 16S rRNA gene sequences of the two isolates BPK-1 and BPK-2 were two different bacterial species. BPK-2 isolate has similarities with Aeromonas sp. with a similarity percentage of 96.69%. While the BPK-1 isolate has similarities with Aeromonas salmonicida with a similarity percentage of 85.88%, so it is suspected that it is a novel species that needs further research.
Inherently poor soil fertility and non-adoption of fertilizer recommendations based on soil test and yield targets by farmers limit the productivity and profitability from monsoon rice in Bangladesh and much of South Asia. In the Level Barind Tract (LBT; AEZ-25) and the High Ganges River Floodplain (HGR; AEZ-11) agro-ecological zones (AEZs) of Bangladesh, monsoon (aman/kharif) season transplanted rainfed rice (known as T. aman rice) is grown in large areas after maize, wheat and/or mungbeans, with residues of each crop removed from the field after grain harvest. This results in lower grain yield and lower profits in these AEZs as compared with other AEZs. Nutrient management, based on soil test, yield targets, or integrated use of inorganics and organics for each AEZ together with retention of crop residue, has the potential to increase rice yield, reduce production cost and increase income. With this hypothesis, this study was conducted to determine the optimum nutrient management practices for achieving higher yield, maintaining apparent soil nutrient balance, and obtaining high profits from monsoon rice. Twelve nutrient management options were evaluated, of which the first six were: (i) 80-16-44-12-2 kg ha-1 of N, P, K, S, Zn respectively for a high yield goal (T1; ‘HYG’); (ii) 56-12-32-8- 1.5 kg ha-1 respectively for a medium yield goal (T2; ‘MYG’); (iii) 65-13-32-9-2 kg ha-1 respectively plus 5 t ha-1 cowdung as integrated plant nutrient management system (T3, ‘IPNS’); (iv) 67-14-41-9-2 kg ha-1 respectively as a soil test-based fertilizer management strategy (T4; ‘STB’); (v) 40-9-11-0-0 kg ha-1 respectively as per farmers’ practice (T5; ‘FP’) and (vi) 0-0-0-0-0 kg ha-1 as a control (T6; ‘CON’). The remaining six treatments were the same as above but each also included the crop residue incorporation (CRI), i.e., (vii) T7, ‘HYG+CRI’; (viii) T8, ‘MYG+CRI’; (ix) T9, ‘IPNS+CRI’; (x) T10, ‘STB+CRI’; (xi) T11 ‘FP’+CRI’; and (xii) T12, ‘CON+CRI’. In both AEZs, STB plus CRI resulted in the highest rice yield (p≤0.05) followed by ‘STB’ and ‘IPNS+CRI’. In comparison with ‘FP’ and ‘CON’, each without CRI, balances were positive (p≤0.05) for P, S, Zn and B but were negative for N and K in ‘HYG’, ‘MYG’, ‘IPNS’ and ‘STB’ with or without CRI. In both AEZS, STB nutrient management had the highest (p≤0.05) net returns (526 & 487 US$ ha-1, respectively), highest benefit cost ratio (BCR; 3.54 & 3.36) and highest marginal benefit cost ratio (MBCR; 10.47 & 10.19). These were followed by STB+CRI’ and ‘IPNS’, while they were lowest (p≤0.05) for CON and FP. We recommend that nutrient application, based on soil test with incorporation of mungbean residue, followed by IPNS, could be the best strategies for achieving high yield, improving soil fertility and for fetching a higher profit from monsoon rice in Bangladesh and similar soils and growing environments of South Asia.
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