A prior genetic study indicated that activity of Sir silencing proteins at a hypothetical AGE locus is essential for long life span. In this model, the SIR4-42 mutation would direct the Sir protein complex to the AGE locus, giving rise to a long life span. We show by indirect immunofluorescence that Sir3p and Sir4p are redirected to the nucleolus in the SIR4-42 mutant. Furthermore, this relocalization is dependent on both UTH4 a novel yeast gene that extends life span, and its homologue YGL023. Strikingly, the Sir complex is relocalized from telomeres to the nucleolus in old wild-type cells. We propose that the rDNA is the AGE locus and that nucleolar function is compromised in old yeast cells in a way that may be mitigated by targeting of Sir proteins to the nucleolus.

Hydrolysis of methyloleate was optimized using lipase from Chromobacterium viscosum immobilized on IRC-50. The optimization was studied by a statistical methodology using response surface methodology (RSM). The cumulative interactive effect of substrate, water concentration and time was studied in optimizing the hydrolysis of methyloleate. The interactive effect of substrate-time was found to be signi®cant compared to substrate-water and time-water interactions. A well correlation was observed between the optimum values obtained from the response surface contour plots and from the quadratic regression model equation. The optimal values obtained for substrate, water and time were found to be in the experimental range chosen.

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We have studied small signal frequency response of a spin laser. We have shown that the response is characterized by two distinct resonant peaks corresponding to the two polarization modes of the spin laser. It is observed that the modulation bandwidth of a spin laser can be smaller or larger than that of a conventional laser depending upon the current bias and spin relaxation time constant. A small value for spin relaxation constant may not be detrimental for modulation bandwidth. This anomalous observation is explained by considering both the amplitude and phase response of the two polarization modes. A spin laser can act as a combination of low-pass and bandpass filters. The passband frequency range is tunable by external bias. We have also studied the evolution of resonant peaks and modulation bandwidth as a function of spin relaxation time constant.