This study was conducted at the Patuakhali Science and Technology University Veterinary Clinic, Babugonj, Barisal during the period from January 2008 to December 2011 to report the four years clinical diseases of ruminants. A total of 1241 clinical cases (793 cattle and 448 goats) were recorded and analyzed. Diagnosis of each of the clinical cases was made on clinical history, clinical signs, and faecal examination for parasitic cases. The clinical cases were primarily categorized into three major groups, namely, (1) Medicinal, (2) Gynaeco-obstetrical and (3) Surgical cases. Medicinal cases constituted highest percentage (cattle 84.1% and goats 81.0%) in comparison to gynaeco-obstetrical (cattle 4.7% and goats 1.1%) and surgical (cattle 11.2% and goats 17.9%) cases. Among the medicinal cases in cattle, highest percentage of cases was recorded with parasitic diseases (50.4%), followed by general systemic states (14.8%) and digestive disorders (14.2%). Other cases were respiratory disorders (5.5%), infectious diseases (4.6%), skin conditions (3.4%), eye disease (3.1%), urogenital disorders (1.5%), metabolic diseases (1.3%) and musculo-skeletal disorders (0.9%). In case of goats, the highest cases was recorded with digestive disorders (22.9%), followed by parasitic diseases (20.4%) and respiratory disorders (16.8%). Other Medicinal cases in goats were eye diseases (13.5%), infectious diseases (11.8%), general systemic states (9.6%), musculo-skeletal disorder (3.3%), skin diseases (0.8%) and nutritional deficiency diseases (0.8%). Among the gynaeco-obstetrical cases, anestrus (59.5%) in cattle and metritis (40.0%) in goats were recognized as the major gynaeco-obstetric problems. Traumatic wounds (cattle - 52.8%, goat - 28.8%) and castration (31.3%) in goats were recognized as the main disorders which required surgical interventions. It may be concluded that a number of diseases with various percentages have been occurring in the Babugonj upazila and this report will help to prioritize any control measures against major disease conditions reported in this study. However, it is required to estimate the prevalence of diseases in the population of that upazila to have more comprehensive information on the diseases of cattle and goat.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v10i1-2.15648

Summary This study reports the length–weight relationships (LWRs) of four small indigenous species, Trichogaster lalius (Hamilton, 1822), Nandus meni (Hossain & Sarker, 2013), Lepidocephalichthys annandalei (Chaudhuri, 1912) and Botia dario (Hamilton, 1822) collected between July 2015 and August 2016 from fishermen's catches landed in an inland fish landing center, northeastern Bangladesh. In the study, a new maximum total length (TL) is given for L. annandalei and LWRs of three species T. lalius, N. meni and L. annandalei for the first time in FishBase. Estimated LWRs were W = .014 TL3.17, (r2 = .982) for T. lalius, W = .006 TL3.38, (r2 = .961) for N. meni, W = .004 TL3.27, (r2 = .965) for L. annandalei and W = .020 TL2.87, (r2 = .978) for B. dario.

Summary The length–weight relationships (LWRs) were studied for 814 individuals covering eight families and 12 species of fish, e.g., Botia dario, Botia lohachata, Channa orientalis, Esomus danricus, Heteropneustes fossilis, Macrognathus pancalus, Nandus nandus, Ompok pabda, Pethia phutunio, Pethia ticto, Trichogaster fasciata and Trichogaster lalius captured from the Gajner beel floodplain, northwestern (NW) Bangladesh. Samples were collected occasionally from catches of fishermen from November 2014 to October 2015 using different types of traditional fishing gear, including gill net (mesh size ranges from 1.0 to 3.0 cm), cast net (mesh size ranges from 1.0 to 2.0 cm), square lift net (mesh size ~1.0 cm) and conical and box trap. The total length (TL) and body weight (BW) were measured for each individual. The allometric co‐efficient b values ranged between 2.64 (B. lohachata) to 3.27 (N. nandus) and were highly significant, with p < .001 for all species. Additionally, for the first time, the study provides LWR information for B. dario, B. lohachata, E. danricus, O. pabda, T. lalius and P. phutunio, beneficial for fishery biologists and to update the online database (FishBase). The study also recorded a maximum length for P. phutunio. The present observations are significant for the sustainable management and conservation of these fishes in the Gajner beel floodplain, NW Bangladesh and the surrounding ecosystems.

This study was conducted to evaluate the present status of production system of dairy buffalo under semi-intensive management in coastal area of Bangladesh. The data were collected during farm visit and recorded in prepared questionnaire and check list. The findings of the study revealed that very minimum housing facilities were provided to the buffaloes. Both the grazing and confinement time were found similar (around 6 hrs in a day) and they spent almost 3 hrs in a day for wallowing. The majority of the lactating buffaloes were not being adequately fed. Farmers usually supplied local grass (4.98±2.89 kg DM/day) and rice straw (10.90 ±2.85 kg DM/day) with one or two concentrate feed separately as supplement (1.51±0.80 kg DM/day). The daily average DCP and TDN supply were 0.365 and 6.417 kg/d respectively which were undersupplied as compared to standard requirement. The productive and reproductive performance of indigenous dairy buffalo was not similar to high producing dairy buffaloes. The average lactation yields (litre/lactation) were found as 469.52±163.71. The EC value (2.73±3.53) of milk indicated as healthy milk production. Milk consumption pattern (8%) was not satisfactory. Milk market was volatile. Natural breeding (95.7%) was more prominent practice than artificial insemination (AI) (4.3%). The most of the buffalo cows showed heat from early night to early morning (22.2-54.2%). Technology adaptation for buffalo rearing was very much poor. Technology adaptation index for the use of concentrate feed, artificial insemination, de-worming and vitamin-mineral premix were 16.34, 13.46, 23.07 and 6.25 respectively. It therefore be concluded that technological transformation could be boost up to national milk production by developing of the management practise of dairy buffalo under semiintensive system in Bangladesh. SAARC J. Agri., 16(2): 43-59 (2018)

Bambusa vulgaris Schrad ex wendl is a widely cultivated bamboo species in rural Bangladesh for its versatile uses. The vegetative propagation becomes the only viable alternative for this species because B. vulgaris does not set seed after sparse flowering, which makes seedling progenies unavailable. A low-cost propagation trial was conducted to explore the clonal propagation techniques for the species with two types of small branch cuttings, nodal leafy cuttings and tip cuttings. The cuttings, after treating with 0, 0.1%, 0.4%, and 0.8% IBA solutions, were kept in non-mist propagator to let them to root for assessing the rooting ability. The cuttings were rooted in four weeks and were allowed to grow in the polybags for 10 months under nursery condition to assess their steckling capacity. The study reveals that both types of branch cuttings are able to develop roots, shoots, to survive and to form rhizome under the nursery condition. Rooting ability of the cuttings was significantly enhanced by the application of rooting hormone -IBA. The highest rooting percentage in nodal leafy cuttings and the tip cuttings (56.67% and 51.0%, respectively) were observed in 0.8% IBA treatment, followed by 0.4% IBA and the lowest (34.3% and 30.0%, respectively) was in control.The highest number of root developed per cutting (9.77 and 8.33 in nodal leafy cuttings and the tip cuttings, respectively) was also obtained from the cuttings treated with 0.8% IBA solution, followed 0.4% IBA treatment and the lowest (3.1 and 2.1, respectively) was in the cuttings without treatment. However, the length of the longest root varied significantly neither with the cutting types nor the concentrations of IBA solution.Survival percentage of the stecklings in nursery condition was significantly enhanced by IBA.

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Ten cows, each of native (local cow) and crossbred (local × crossbred) origins differing in lactation yield were used in 2×2×2×2 factorial experiment using RBD to evaluate existing milk urea nitrogen (MUN) of cows considering regions and seasons. The live weight and BCS of cows under good feed base management condition was higher than of the poor feed base management condition. Feed intake of cows under good and feed base management condition was significantly (P<0.01) higher than of the intake of cows under poor feed base condition. Daily dry matter intake (DMI) of cows under good and poor feed base condition was 8.53 and 5.40 kg, respectively. Daily ME intake of cows under good and poor feed base management condition were 70.23 and 40.20 MJ, respectively. The requirements of ME (ARC, 1994) were 83.3 and 51.7 MJ, respectively. The intake of CP, RDP and UDP were 839.0, 488.5 and 350.9 g/d, respectively in good feed base and 386.0, 166.0 and 220.0 g/d, respectively in poor feed base region. The daily protein intake as live weight and milk production in good and poor feed base management condition were significantly (P<0.01) lower (-270.0 and -164.5 g, respectively) than the requirement (ARC, 1994). The daily RDP intake were significantly (P<0.01) lower than the requirement (ARC, 1994). Daily milk yield and 4% FCM of cows under good feed base condition were 6.76 and 6.49 kg, respectively and under poor feed base condition were 3.67 and 3.31 kg, respectively, which differed significantly (P<0.01). The milk protein, lactose, SNF, minerals and total solids under good feed base condition were 3.79, 5.49, 10.09, 0.63 and 14.06%, respectively and under poor feed base condition were 3.63, 5.29, 9.80, 0.61 and 13.52, respectively, which were significantly (P<0.01) influenced by feed base. MUN and BUN under good feed base condition were found 38.86 and 40.98 mg/dl, respectively and under poor feed base condition 28.55 and 33.13 mg/dl, respectively, and this difference between the two areas were statistically significant (P<0.01). The live weight of cow was 284.0 kg in the dry season and in the winter season 282.3 kg which did not differ significantly (P>0.05). Intake of CP and RDP in dry season was found 664 and 358.5 g/d, respectively and in the wet season it was 561 and 296 g/d, respectively, which differed significantly (P<0.01). BUN and MUN in dry season were 37.35 and 36.79 mg/dl, respectively and in wet season 36.75 and 36.87 mg/dl, respectively. The live weight and BCS of crossbred cows was higher than that of the local cows. The live weight and BCS of crossbred cow were 318.8 kg & 2.85, respectively and of local cow were 247.5 kg & 2.34, respectively, which was significantly (P<0.01) higher than local cow. The daily DMI of local cow was 5.75 kg and crossbred cow was 8.17 kg, which differed significantly (P<0.01). Daily ME intake of crossbred cow (64.82 MJ) was significantly (P<0.01) higher than local cow (45.60 MJ), which were lowered compared to the requirement as per ARC (1994). Daily CP, RDP and UDP inta...