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In the 1960s two technical bases for the Northern Fleet were created in the Russian northwest at Andreeva Bay in the Kola Peninsula and Gremikha village on the coast of the Barents Sea. They maintained nuclear submarines, receiving and storing radioactive waste and spent nuclear fuel. No further waste was received after 1985, and the technical bases have since been re-categorised as temporary storage sites. The handling of these materials to put them into a safe condition is especially hazardous because of their degraded state. This paper describes regulatory activities which have been carried out to support the supervision of radiological protection during recovery of waste and spent fuel, and to support regulatory decisions on overall site remediation. The work described includes: an assessment of the radiation situation on-site; the development of necessary additional regulatory rules and standards for radiation protection assurance for workers and the public during remediation; and the completion of an initial threat assessment to identify regulatory priorities. Detailed consideration of measures for the control of radiation exposure of workers and radiation exposure of the public during and after operations and emergency preparedness and response are complete and provided in sister papers. The continuing requirements for regulatory activities relevant to the development and implementation of on-going and future remediation activities are also outlined. The Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority supports the work, as part of the Norwegian Government's plan of action to promote improvements in radiation protection and nuclear safety in northwest Russia.

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Three republics of the former USSR -Belarus, Ukraine and Russia -became more contaminated following the Chernobyl accident. The subject of this paper is radioactivity assessment of the foodstuffs in Belarus and Russia, where more than 5000 food samples have been examined over more than the 20-year period after the Chernobyl accident. The methods used: beta-and gammaspectrometry, radiochemical method. Over the whole surveillance period in Belarus, excluding 1986, when the surface contamination made a significant contribution to the product, 137 Cs and 90 Sr in agricultural foods, with few exceptions, was lower than the actual temporary permissible levels for that time. Real 90 Sr or 137 Cs content in the prime foodstuffs over the Russian territory are currently a small fraction of the established regulations, excepting areas of emergency contamination. Nevertheless, up to now, among the regions most contaminated due to the Chernobyl precipitations, there are ones, where permissible radionuclide contents are in excess for some foodstuffs.

Аннотация. В работе дана характеристика новой системы управления отходами, реализо-ванной структурным подразделением финского концерна L&T ООО «Российско-финская компания «Экосистема» в наукограде Дубна Московской области. В городе осуществлен стопроцентный раздельный сбор отходов, действует двухконтейнерная система сбора от-ходов, работает мусоросортировочный комплекс (МСК). Анализ данных, полученных с МСК, показал, что выход вторичных материальных ресурсов из потока ТКО, поступивших на сортировку в период с 2011 по 2015 гг., составил от 5,2 % до 10,1 %. Эколого-эконо-мическая оценка системы обращения с ТКО в Дубне выполнена для двух альтернативных вариантов. Приведены расчёты затрат на извлечение вторичного сырья, поступившего на МСК, прибыли от реализации получаемого вторичного сырья, затрат на захоронение потока ТКО на полигоне. Показано, что ежегодный эколого-экономический эффект от внедрения новой системы управления ТКО на территории г. Дубна Московской области составляет 4,36 млн. руб. 1Ключевые слова: твердые коммунальные отходы, город, Московская область, раздельный сбор мусора, мусоросортировочный комплекс, эколого-экономическая эффективность. Abstract. We present the characteristics of a new waste management system, implemented by the structural division of the Finnish company L&T, The Russian-Finnish company 'Ecosystem' in the science town of Dubna, Moscow region. The operation of the waste sorting facility has ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF A NEW SYSTEM OF MANAGEMENT OF SOLID COMMUNAL WASTE IN THE TOWN OF DUBNA, MOSCOW REGION

BACKGROUND: The widespread use of radiation sources in medical practice (cardioendovascular surgery, endoscopy, traumatology, urology, neurosurgery, dentistry, radioisotope diagnostics departments) leads to irradiation of the lens of the eye and the skin of the hands with low-intensity scattered radiation. The introduction of new recommendations by the IAEA to reduce the limit of the annual equivalent dose to the lens (20 mSv), has led to incorrectness of the dose assessment for the lens, based on the effective dose. AIMS: Analysis of approaches and assessment of equivalent doses of irradiation of the lens of the eye and skin of the hands of medical personnel during various diagnostic studies under the influence of X-rays and gamma studies of radiopharmaceuticals, as well as comparison of the results obtained with previously published data. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The method of thermo-luminescent dosimetry was used. Dose assessment was carried out in the personnel of cardioendovascular surgery, endoscopy, isotope diagnostics, dentistry, and urology. RESULTS: The estimated annual equivalent doses to the lens of the eye for doctors of cardioendovascular surgery departments, in most cases, ranged from 35 to 90 mSv, the average medical staff - from 6 to 19 mSv (in some cases, the doctor - up to 225 mSv and the nurse - up to 180 mSv); the staff of the department of radioisotope diagnostics - from 4.5 to 9 mSv. The annual calculated equivalent doses to the skin of the hands were: cardioendovascular surgery personnel - from 17 to 100 mSv, and for the staff working with radiopharmaceuticals ‒ from 24 to 220 mSv. It is shown that the use of an estimate of the average dose per operation by cardioendovascular surgery doctors, as a rule, inevitably leads to an excess of the equivalent dose to the lens of the eye after a certain number of operations. CONCLUSION: Equivalent doses to the lens of the eye in cardioendovascular surgery doctors above 20 mSv per year can be formed when a certain number of operations is exceeded (from 100 to 200). A lesion of the lens of the eye in a cardio-endovascular surgery doctor was found at existing radiation levels. The results obtained indicate the need for further dosimetric measurements and epidemiological studies, on the basis of which recommendations can be developed for radiation protection of the lens of the eye and the skin of the hands of medical personnel working in the field of scattered, gamma, X-ray radiation of low intensity.

This article discusses the possibilities of grape growing and wine production industry in the Volgograd region development to increase the tourist attractiveness of the region. The article describes the soil and climate, historical, agricultural and technological and social and economic prerequisites for development of this branch. It was suggested to use the cluster approach, joining efforts of grape growers and wine producers, as well as scientific and educational, tourist and hospitability enterprises of the Volgograd region for rendering tourist and recreation services for the local residents, Russian and foreign guests of the city within the educational and production project of the Volgograd state agricultural university “Innovative village “Gornaya Polyana”. The originality of suggestions is that the “Gornaya Polyana” is the unique educational, scientific and production center that not only provides the tourists with information on history, local traditions, technology and culture of alcohol drinking, but also suggests them tasting different varieties of grape and wine, working on vinelands, participating in wine festivals and thematic festivals; visiting and taking part in special exhibitions and meetings, workshop sessions and educational programs, joining the abilities of agricultural, wine, gastronomical, ethnographic, educational events and business tourism. The project suggests creating of the recreation and service areas such as: park area, pond, bath house at the water basin shore, recreation services, including the wine therapy and wine cosmetology; production and workshops, including wine production, willow weaving; leisure activities and services, accommodation means and other.The results of investigation should be used for solving the social and economic problems in the region due to development of non-agricultural activities at the rural area, such as: wine, gastronomical and ethnographical tourism.

Purpose: To analize radiation situation in the vicinity of mine number one of the Lermontov Production Association “Almaz” in the areas of the public residence and economic activities. Material and methods: During the study, methods of pedestrian gamma surveys with a portable spectrometric complex MKS-01A “Multirad-M” and short-term measurements of radon equivalent equilibrium concentration with aerosol alpha radiometer RAA-20P2 “Poisk” were used. Results: Along the main roads used by the population for walks and rest, the values of the gamma ambient dose equivalent rate vary within the range between 0.10 and 0.86 μSv/h. Local areas with excess of the remediation criterion (0.6 μSv / h), established by the Sanitary Rules for elimination, conservation and changing functions of facilities for radioactive ore mining and milling (SP LKP-91), are located on the ascent of Beshtau Mountain from the side of the Town of Pyatigorsk (near tunnels and dumps). Along other routes, the remediation criteria are met. External effective doses to the population in a single passage of the routes vary from 1.0 to 1.6 µSv. The highest contribution to the dose from manmade radiation does not exceed 30 %. The highest external doses (4.3 μSv at the contribution of manmade radiation about 70 %) can be realized when resting near the most contaminated parts of the dumps or tunnel mouths. The equivalent equilibrium concentrations of radon progenies in air along the routes did not exceed 60 Bq/m3. The effective internal dose due to inhalation intake of radon and its progenies will not exceed 3 μSv when single passing routes. Conclusions: In the main areas of the residence and economic activity of the population in the vicinity of mine number 1 , the radiation situation at some locations does not comply with the requirements of the SP LKP-9, however, it does not pose a threat to public health.