Regulatory supervision of sites for spent fuel and radioactive waste storage in the Russian Northwest

Shandala, N. K.; Sneve, Malgorzata; Smith, Graham M.; Kiselev, M. F.; Кочетков, О. А.; Савкин, М. Н.; Simakov, A.V.; Novikova, N.Ya.; Титов, А. В.; Romanov, V. V.; Seregin, V. A.; Filonova, A. A.; Semenova, M. P.

doi:10.1088/0952-4746/28/4/001

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Having in mind a possibility of further contamination of the STS area, dynamic surveillance is needed of the radiation situation both at routine activity, and at SNF and RW removal [2].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental remediation of nuclear legacy sites in the Russian Northwest: regulatory approach

Shandala¹,

Seregin²,

Sneve³

et al. 2009

Environmental Health Risk V

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Remediation of the sites for temporary storage (STS) of the Spent Nuclear Fuel (SNF) and Radioactive Waste (RW) is one of the most important challenges for the Russian Northwest region. The prime task is to develop radiation environmental regulations on justification of radiation safety assurance during remedial operations at the STS. According to legislative and normative acts of the Russian Federation regulating management of radioactively contaminated territories after identification of the site contamination level at the radiation facility, one of three decisions can be made: conservation of the site; renovation of the site and buildings (brown lawn); unlimited use of the site (greenfield). The criteria and regulations for the SNF and RW STS facilities and site have been developed, which are suitable for each remediation option. At the same time, the environmental models have been taken into account; reference levels have been developed expressed in radiation parameter units, which could be measured during radiation control and monitoring: surface beta and alpha contamination of the STS buildings, gamma dose rate, radionuclide specific activity in soil, annul activity concentration of ground water, radionuclide contents in hydrobionts.

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“…Having in mind a possibility of further contamination of the STS area, dynamic surveillance is needed of the radiation situation both at routine activity, and at SNF and RW removal [2].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental remediation of nuclear legacy sites in the Russian Northwest: regulatory approach

Shandala¹,

Seregin²,

Sneve³

et al. 2009

Environmental Health Risk V

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“…• There is insufficient information regarding damage and degradation to SNF assemblies, mentioned in the project justification document 'OBIN' as being up to 20% of the assemblies [5]. • Increased levels of man-made radionuclides and external gamma-radiation have been recorded on-site, in the industrial buildings and other facilities [1]. • The unique nature of technologies and equipment designed for SNF and RW management creates special regulatory issues.…”

Section: Radiation Protection Regulation Under Abnormal Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The operation of this STS now falls under the responsibility of Federal State Unitary Enterprise 'SevRAO'. The general situation at Andreeva Bay and related regulatory developments are described in a parallel paper [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiological protection regulation during spent nuclear fuel and radioactive waste management in the Western Branch of the Federal State Unitary Enterprise ‘SevRAO’

et al. 2008

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The site of temporary storage of spent nuclear fuel and radioactive waste, situated at Andreeva Bay in Northwest Russia, was developed in the 1960s, and it has carried out receipt and storage of fresh and spent nuclear fuel, and solid and liquid radioactive waste generated during the operation of nuclear submarines and nuclear-powered icebreakers. The site is now operated as the western branch of the Federal State Unitary Enterprise, SevRAO. In the course of operation over several decades, the containment barriers in the Spent Nuclear Fuel and Radioactive Waste storage facilities partially lost their containment effectiveness, so workshop facilities and parts of the site became contaminated with radioactive substances. This paper describes work being undertaken to provide an updated regulatory basis for the protection of workers during especially hazardous remediation activities, necessary because of the unusual radiation conditions at the site. It describes the results of recent survey work carried out by the Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Centre, within a programme of regulatory cooperation between the Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority and the Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia. The survey work and subsequent analyses have contributed to the development of special regulations setting out radiological protection requirements for operations planned at the site. Within these requirements, and taking account of a variety of other factors, a continuing need arises for the implementation of optimisation of remediation at Andreeva Bay.

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“…These bases at Andreeva Bay and Gremikha village have now been designated as sites of temporary storage (STSs) and they are undergoing environmental restoration by SevRAO, with the support of a variety of other organisations. The situation at these sites is described further in [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This includes restriction on the acceptable residual radioactivity. Other necessary regulatory guidance and norms are under parallel development [3][4][5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiological criteria for the remediation of sites for spent fuel and radioactive waste storage in the Russian Northwest

et al. 2008

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In the 1960s, two technical bases of the Northern Fleet were created in Northwest Russia, at Andreeva Bay in the Kola Peninsula and Gremikha village on the coast of the Barents Sea. They maintained nuclear submarines, performing receipt and storage of radioactive waste and spent nuclear fuel, and are now designated sites of temporary storage (STSs). An analysis of the radiation situation at these sites demonstrates that substantial long-term remediation work will be required after the removal of the waste and spent nuclear fuel. Regulatory guidance is under development to support this work. Having in mind modern approaches to guaranteeing radiation safety, the primary regulatory focus is on a justification of dose constraints for determining acceptable residual contamination which might lead to exposure to workers and the public. For these sites, four principal options for remediation have been considered-renovation, conversion, conservation and liquidation. This paper describes a system of recommended dose constraints and derived control levels formulated for each option. The unconditional guarantee of long-term radioecological protection provides the basis for criteria development. Non-exceedance of these dose constraints and control levels implies compliance with radiological protection objectives related to the residual contamination. Dose reduction below proposed dose constraint values must also be carried out according to the optimisation principle. The developed criteria relate to the condition of the facilities and the STS areas after the termination of remediation activities. The proposed criteria for renovation, conversion, conservation and liquidation are entirely within the dose limits adopted in Russia for the management of man-made radiation sources, and are consistent with ICRP recommendations and national practice in other countries. The proposed criteria for STS remediation and new industrial (non-radiation-hazardous) facilities and buildings on the remedied sites had, until now, no analogues in the Russian system of regulation of radiation-hygienic standardisation. The proposals made here may serve as a basis for corresponding standards at other sites.

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Regulatory supervision of sites for spent fuel and radioactive waste storage in the Russian Northwest

Cited by 12 publications

References 3 publications

Environmental remediation of nuclear legacy sites in the Russian Northwest: regulatory approach

Environmental remediation of nuclear legacy sites in the Russian Northwest: regulatory approach

Radiological protection regulation during spent nuclear fuel and radioactive waste management in the Western Branch of the Federal State Unitary Enterprise ‘SevRAO’

Radiological criteria for the remediation of sites for spent fuel and radioactive waste storage in the Russian Northwest

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