Vegetable oils (crude palm oil and crude soybean oil), nonedible animal fats, and waste cooking oil (WCO) were mixed with a standard gas oil and tested under fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) conditions in a short-contact-time microactivity reactor using an industrial FCC equilibrium catalyst. Under the reaction conditions tested in this work, triglyceride molecules are completely transformed into water, CO2, CO, and a mixture of hydrocarbons. The presence of a triglyceride-based biomass in the feedstock of a FCC unit reduces the yield toward liquid products and enhances gas and coke formation. Likewise, the cracking of oil and fats in the FCC conditions increases aromatic hydrocarbon formation. This fact comes from oxygen removal of the initial triglycerides to form water as the principal oxygenated compound, which requires the presence of hydrogen molecules coming from the transformation of hydrocarbons into olefins. These olefins, in the severe reaction conditions under study, will tend to form aromatic hydrocarbons. Likewise, preliminary catalytic results described in this work show that unsaturated renewable raw materials (such as soybean oil or WCO) lead to an increase in the concentration of aromatic compounds for the liquid phase as compared to that found for the most saturated feedstocks (palm oil and animal fats). Moreover, a slightly higher yield toward the liquid products and lower gaseous compound formation are also evidenced with the most unsaturated triglyceride-based feed.

The incorporation of nickel onto a commercial FCC catalyst and co‐feeding H2 into the reaction system improves the catalytic performance of rapeseed oil cracking, with respect to gasoline and light olefins (propene and butenes) production. On the other hand, the incorporation of platinum, with or without co‐feeding of H2, is detrimental to both the conversion and the selectivity. Thus, a judicious choice of metal is vital for performance during vegetable oil cracking.

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Belantamab-mafodotin (belamaf) is a novel antibody-drug conjugate targeting B-cell maturation antigen that showed anti-myeloma activity in patients with relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM). We performed an observational, retrospective, and multicenter study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of single-agent belamaf in 156 Spanish patients with RRMM. The median number of prior therapy lines was 5 (range, 1–10), and 88% of patients were triple-class refractory. Median follow-up was 10.9 months (range, 1–28.6). The overall response rate was 41.8% (≥CR 13.5%, VGPR 9%, PR 17.3%, MR 2%). The median progression-free survival was 3.61 months (95% CI, 2.1–5.1) and 14.47 months (95% CI, 7.91–21.04) in patients achieving at least MR (p < 0.001). Median overall survival in the entire cohort and in patients with MR or better was 11.05 months (95% CI, 8.7–13.3) and 23.35 (NA-NA) months, respectively (p < 0.001). Corneal events (87.9%; grade ≥ 3, 33.7%) were the most commonly adverse events, while thrombocytopenia and infections occurred in 15.4% and 15% of patients, respectively. Two (1.3%) patients discontinued treatment permanently due to ocular toxicity. Belamaf showed a noticeably anti-myeloma activity in this real-life series of patients, particularly among those achieving MR or better. The safety profile was manageable and consistent with prior studies.