Storage stability and corrosion studies of renewable raw materials and petrol mixtures: A key issue for their co-processing in refinery units

Melero, Juan A.; Calleja, Guillermo; Garcı́a, Alicia; Clavero, M. Milagrosa; Hernandez, Elena A.; Miravalles, Rubén; Galindo, Tamara

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2009.09.026

Cited by 19 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Co-processing of bio-oils with conventional petroleum-based products such as VGO is an attractive initial option to make use of renewable biomass as a fuel source, while leveraging existing refinery infrastructure [14][15][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. However, the use of untreated bio-oils as a co-processing feedstock results in processing difficulties in the FCC due to plugging from increased coke deposition [25][26][27][28]. Hydrotreating can be used to produce higher quality bio-oil intermediates more compatible with existing refinery infrastructure, with a further benefit of lower oxygenate content to potentially reduce corrosion issues, although hydrotreating also increases cost [25][26][27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the use of untreated bio-oils as a co-processing feedstock results in processing difficulties in the FCC due to plugging from increased coke deposition [25][26][27][28]. Hydrotreating can be used to produce higher quality bio-oil intermediates more compatible with existing refinery infrastructure, with a further benefit of lower oxygenate content to potentially reduce corrosion issues, although hydrotreating also increases cost [25][26][27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Corrosion of stainless steels in the riser during co-processing of bio-oils in a fluid catalytic cracking pilot plant

Brady

Keiser

Leonard

et al. 2017

Fuel Processing Technology

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Co-processing of bio-oils with conventional petroleum-based feedstocks is an attractive initial option to make use of renewable biomass as a fuel source while leveraging existing refinery infrastructures. However, bio-oils and their processing intermediates have high concentrations of organic oxygenates, which, among their other negative qualities, can result in increased corrosion issues. A range of stainless steel alloys (409, 410, 304L, 316L, 317L, and 201) was exposed at the base of the riser in a fluid catalytic cracking pilot plant while co-processing vacuum gas oil with pine-derived pyrolysis bio-oils that had been catalytically hydrodeoxygenated to 2 to 28 % oxygen. A catalyst temperature of 704C, a reaction exit temperature of 520C, and total co-processing run times of 57-75 h were studied. External oxide scaling 5-30 micrometers thick and internal attack 1-5 micrometers deep were observed in these short-duration exposures. The greatest extent of internal attack was observed for co-processing

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corrosion of stainless steels in the riser during co-processing of bio-oils in a fluid catalytic cracking pilot plant

Brady

Keiser

Leonard

et al. 2017

Fuel Processing Technology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In this context, fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) is the most suitable process for upgrading raw bio-oil in a great scale in the short term, given its capacity and versatility for processing new feeds. 18 This key role of the FCC unit in the sustainable refinery is well established in the literature, based on laboratory studies in FCC conditions of such unalike feeds as distillation residues, 19,20 external streams derived from the consumer society and plastic pyrolysis-derived waxes, 21−23 vegetal oils, 24 or biomass derivates. 25 The cracking of model oxygenate compounds for bio-oil has been studied by Bertero et al 26,27 in FCC unit conditions and using a fixed-bed laboratory reactor (MAT).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the Composition of Raw Bio-Oils on Their Valorization in Fluid Catalytic Cracking Conditions

et al. 2019

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This study delves on the catalytic cracking in fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) conditions of two raw bio-oils of different compositions, obtained from the fast pyrolysis of pine sawdust (PBO) and black poplar sawdust (BPBO). The FCC runs have been carried out using an equilibrated FCC catalyst at 550 °C, 6 s of contact time and in the C/O (catalyst/bio-oil) range of 1.8−10 g cat (g feed ) −1 . The effect of the C/O ratio has been studied on product distribution (CO + CO 2 , carbon products, water, and coke); on the yields of CO + CO 2 , dry gas (C 1 −C 2 ), liquefied petroleum gases (C 3 −C 4 ), gasoline (C 5 − C 11 ), light cycle oil (C 12 −C 22 ), and coke; on the conversion of specific bio-oil oxygenates; and on the hydrocarbon and oxygenates composition of the gasoline product. A gasoline yield of 45.7 wt % was achieved, with a hydrocarbon yield of 29.6 wt % and a liquid fraction (C 5 −C 20 ) yield of 13.8 wt % at C/O = 7.3 g cat (g feed ) −1 . The differences in the results of both bio-oils can be explained from their different compositions in terms of oxygenates and water. These factors have a great incidence on coke deposition and also explain the differences in the total conversion of oxygenates, hydrocarbon yield, composition of the gasoline fraction, and individual conversion of each oxygenate family.

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“…Successful commercialization of biomass pyrolysis and related liquefaction technology to make liquid fuels will require identification of low-cost, corrosion-resistant materials for use in production, transportation, and storage of bio-oils. Although corrosivity of biofuels is an active area of research, [6][7][8][9][10] comparatively few studies of process equipment corrosion have been pursued. [11][12][13] Process equipment will be exposed to temperatures as high as ∼550°C, with biomass feedstock decomposition products and aggressive O, S, C, H, Cl, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Degradation of Components After Exposure in a Biomass Pyrolysis System

et al. 2019

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X-ray diffraction, electron probe microanalysis, and scanning transmission electron microscopy with focused ion beam lift-out sample preparation techniques were used to study corrosion products in a 304L (UNS S30403) stainless steel fluidized-bed reactor segment from Iowa State University's Pyrolysis Process Development Unit Facility. This reactor segment is particularly valuable because a detailed history of operation time, temperature, and biomass feedstock was available. As previously reported for a range of stainless steel pyrolysis-related equipment, external scaling and internal attack along alloy grain boundaries were observed. The scaling was primarily associated with O, although S, Ca, K, Si, Mg, and P were also detected in the outer scale regions. However, unlike those other recent advanced characterization analyses, in this instance the internal alloy grain boundary attack was not directly related to S. Rather, only internal oxidation and localized nanoporosity were observed along the alloy grain boundaries, with associated local nanoscale Cr depletion and Ni enrichment. Mechanistic implications of this finding are discussed.

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Storage stability and corrosion studies of renewable raw materials and petrol mixtures: A key issue for their co-processing in refinery units

Cited by 19 publications

References 6 publications

Corrosion of stainless steels in the riser during co-processing of bio-oils in a fluid catalytic cracking pilot plant

Corrosion of stainless steels in the riser during co-processing of bio-oils in a fluid catalytic cracking pilot plant

Influence of the Composition of Raw Bio-Oils on Their Valorization in Fluid Catalytic Cracking Conditions

Degradation of Components After Exposure in a Biomass Pyrolysis System

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