Production of biofuels via catalytic cracking

Melero, Juan A.; Garcı́a, Alicia; Clavero, M. Milagrosa

doi:10.1533/9780857090492.3.390

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…On the other hand, hydrotreatment of vegetable oils produce mainly a mixture of n-alkanes mostly in the range C 15 -C 18 which are suitable as an alternative diesel fuel. Catalytic production of biodiesel [163][164][165][166][167][168][169] and hydrocarbon biofuels through cracking and hydrotreating [169][170][171][172][173] of triglycerides as well as fuel properties, advantages and drawbacks have been extensively studied and reviewed in literature and are out of the scope of this work. Therefore, in this section we will only discuss the main processes to produce fuel additives and hydrocarbon biofuels from triglyceride platform molecules, i.e.…”

Section: Fuel Additives and Liquid Hydrocarbons Fuels From Vegetable mentioning

confidence: 99%

Conversion of biomass platform molecules into fuel additives and liquid hydrocarbon fuels

2014

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In this work some relevant processes for the preparation of liquid hydrocarbon fuels and fuel additives from cellulose, hemicellulose and triglycerides derived platform molecules are discussed. Thus, it is shown that a series of platform molecules such as levulinic acid, furans, fatty acids and polyols can be converted into a variety of fuel additives through catalytic transformations that include reduction, esterification, etherification, and acetalization reactions. Moreover, we will show that liquid hydrocarbon fuels can be obtained by combining oxygen removal processes (e.g. dehydration, hydrogenolysis, hydrogenation, decarbonylation/descarboxylation etc.) with the adjustment of the molecular weight via C-C coupling reactions (e.g. aldol condensation, hydroxyalkylation, oligomerization, ketonization) of the reactive platform molecules.

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Section: Fuel Additives and Liquid Hydrocarbons Fuels From Vegetable mentioning

confidence: 99%

Conversion of biomass platform molecules into fuel additives and liquid hydrocarbon fuels

2014

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“…81,82,84,94,95 Typical products obtained from the catalytic cracking of oleaginous feedstock include gaseous products (hydrocarbons C 1 -C 5 , CO, CO 2 ), organic liquid products (OLP), water and coke. 96 The organic liquid product is composed of hydrocarbons corresponding to the gasoline, kerosene, and diesel boiling point ranges. The oxygen initially present in the feedstock is removed as water, easily isolated, CO and CO 2 .…”

Section: Catalytic Cracking Of Oleaginous Feedstockmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomass as renewable feedstock in standard refinery units. Feasibility, opportunities and challenges

Melero

Iglesias

Garcı́a

2012

Energy Environ. Sci.

414

264

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Within the present contribution we highlight the feasibility of standard refinery units for the production of biofuels from different biomass-derived feedstock. The energy densification of biomass, as well as it's logistics and incorporation within the refinery supply chain is thoroughly discussed. Likewise, special attention is focused on the catalytic cracking and hydrotreating of triglyceride-rich biomass feedstock, which is probably the most suitable one for co-processing in conventional refinery conversion units. However, the opportunities of other highly oxygenated feedstocks such as pyrolysis oils and sugars are also discussed. Conversion of different feedstocks into conventional liquid fuels by coupling of aqueous phase reforming (APR) with catalytic systems typical of standard petroleum refineries is also evaluated. Thus, here we review the chemistry, catalysis and challenges involved in the production of biofuels from biomass in conventional refineries. energy demands. Nowadays, most fuels and energy come from fossil energy resources, but environmental concerns together with the depletion of crude oil resources, and consequent increasing prices of this raw material, are becoming important driving forces encouraging the search for new feedstocks, as alternative to crude oil, to meet the increasing energy demand. Many different possibilities have been reported in the literature. However, such a substitution involves important requirements, like the renewable nature of the raw material to ensure

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“…The surface area of 5 % Cr 203/ carbon catalyst is 38.931 m 2 / g smaller than 1% and 3 % Cr 203/ carbon catalysts. This is due to the addition of more metal concentration resulted in competition among the transitions metals to diffuse into the supporting pores [28]. It also can be caused by the high concentration of Cr 203 , leading to an agglomeration of metal oxide particles; as a result, the formation of unevenly distributed aggregate on the pore surfaces thereby reducing the surface area [ 29 ].…”

Section: Results Analysis Of Proximate and Ultimate Of Activated Carbonmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results of GC -MS analysis show that the Jatropha oil fatty acid constituents used as raw material for making biofuels can be seen in Table 5 and Figure 3 . Catalytic cracking of fence Jatropha oil can occur through 2 stages, namely the formation of oxygenated components such as fatty acids, ketones, aldehydes, esters, and others caused by the decomposition of triglyceride molecules [28]. These are evidenced by the presence of fatty acids in fence Jatropha oil cracking results.…”

Section: Cr 203/ Carbon Catalyst Activity Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilization of Coconut Shell as Cr2O3 Catalyst Support for Catalytic Cracking of Jatropha Oil into Biofuel

et al. 2020

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Coconut shell waste is a waste that has a high carbon content. Carbon in coconut shell waste can be converted into activated carbon having a large surface area. This potential property is suitable to apply the coconut shell as catalyst support. To increase the catalytic activity, metal oxides such as Cr2O3 are impregnated. The purpose of this study is to synthesize Cr2O3/carbon catalyst and test its catalytic activity on catalytic cracking of Jatropha oil. The first stage was the synthesis of activated carbon and the determination of its proximate and ultimate. The second step was impregnation to produce Cr2O3/carbon catalyst. Furthermore, X-Ray Diffraction to determine crystallinity, Surface Area Analyzer to identify its surface area and Fourier Transform Infrared to analyze functional groups. Then the catalytic activity was tested on the catalytic cracking of Jatropha oil. In addition, the chemical compound composition and biofuel selectivity of the catalytic cracking product was determined using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer. Proximate analysis results showed that activated carbon contains 9%, 1%, 23%, and 67% of water, ash, evaporated substances, and bound carbon, respectively. The results of the ultimate analysis resulted in carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and nitrogen (N) contents of 65.422%, 3.384%, and 0.465%, correspondingly. The catalyst crystallinity test showed the presence of Cr2O3 peaks at 2θ: 24.43°; 33.47° and 36.25° according to JCPDS No. 84-1616. In the absorption area of 400-1000 cm-1 and the range of 2000 cm-1 showed the presence of Cr-O stretching due to Cr2O3 adsorbed into the activated carbon structure. The surface area of activated carbon and Cr2O3/carbon catalysts with a concentration of 1.3, and 5% was 8.930 m2/g; 47.205 m2/g; 50.562 m2/g; and 38.931 m2/g, respectively. The catalytic activity test presented that the best performance was showed by Cr2O3/carbon catalyst with a concentration of 5% indicated by conversion of Jatropha oil into biofuel of 67.777% with gasoline selectivity, kerosene, and diesel of 36.97%, 14.87%, and 15.94%, correspondingly.

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Production of biofuels via catalytic cracking

Cited by 10 publications

References 70 publications

Conversion of biomass platform molecules into fuel additives and liquid hydrocarbon fuels

Conversion of biomass platform molecules into fuel additives and liquid hydrocarbon fuels

Biomass as renewable feedstock in standard refinery units. Feasibility, opportunities and challenges

Utilization of Coconut Shell as Cr2O3 Catalyst Support for Catalytic Cracking of Jatropha Oil into Biofuel

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