The consumption of diets rich in plant foods is associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the preventive role of rutin on lipid peroxides and antioxidants in normal and isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in rats. Subcutaneous injection of isoproterenol (150 mg kg(-1)) to male Wistar rats at an interval of 24 h for two days showed a significant increase in the activity of serum cardiac marker enzymes (creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase) and a significant decrease in the activity of these enzymes in the heart. Lipid peroxidative products (thiobarbituricacid reactive substances and lipid hydroperoxides) were significantly increased and enzymic (superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase) and non-enzymic (reduced glutathione and vitamin C) antioxidants showed a significant decrease in isoproterenol-treated rats. Pretreatment with rutin (40 or 80 mg kg(-1)) to isoproterenol-treated rats orally for a period of 42 days daily caused a significant effect. Administration of rutin to normal rats did not have any significant effect on any of the parameters studied. The results of our study show that rutin possesses antioxidant activity in isoproterenol-induced experimental myocardial infarction.

The present study was designed to evaluate the preventive role of rutin on lipids, lipoproteins, and ATPases in normal and isoproterenol (ISO)-induced myocardial infarction in rats. Rutin (40 and 80 mg/kg) was orally administered to rats for a period of 42 days. After that period, isoproterenol (150 mg/kg) was injected subcutaneously to male wistar rats at an interval of 24 h for 2 days. The weight of heart and the concentrations of total cholesterol, triglycerides, and free fatty acids were increased significantly (p < 0.05), and the concentration of phospholipids was decreased significantly (p < 0.05) in the heart of ISO-treated rats. ISO-treated rats also showed a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, phospholipids, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) with a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level in serum. The activities of sodium potassium dependent adenosine triphosphatase (Na(+)/K(+) ATPase) and magnesium-dependent adenosine triphosphatase (Mg(2+) ATPase) were decreased significantly (p < 0.05), and the activity of calcium-dependent adenosine triphosphatase (Ca(2+)ATPase) was increased significantly (p < 0.05) in the heart in ISO-treated rats. Pretreatment with rutin at doses of 40 or 80 mg/kg to ISO-treated rats showed a significant (p < 0.05) effect in all the parameters studied. Oral administration of rutin to normal rats did not show any significant effect. Thus, the results of our study show that pretreatment with rutin maintained the levels of lipids, lipoproteins, and ATPases in ISO-induced myocardial infarcted rats. The observed effects might be due to the antioxidant potential of rutin.

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Grapes downy mildew is incited by the most destructive pathogen called P. viticola is a major bottleneck for grapevine production. The morphological and ultra structural analysis of the pathogen plays a significant role in order to take precautionary management strategies. For morphometric analysis the downy mildew infected leaf samples were collected from eight different locations in Coimbatore and Theni districts. The collected samples were subjected to morphoplogical analysis under light microscope at 40 X magnification. The length and breadth of the sporangia vary from 19.94 -22.73 µm and 14.58-17.69 µm. The scanning electron microscopic analysis of P. viticola shows the developmental stages of the pathogen on the host leaf surface. The Pathogenicity of the pathogen was confirmed through detached leaf assay. The characteristic sporulation of the fungus was observed at 7 th day after post inoculation.

A study on givotia rottlerifomis griff shows that studies on a tremendous of pharmacological and physiological activities and other applications. Moreover, givotia rottlerifomis griff has diverse physiological effects. This tempted us to use the bark of givotia rottlerifomis griff for extraction of new compound from the extract. Attempt is made to develop an efficient method for isolation of compounds from the barks of givotia rottlerifomis griff. Our scheme of work is to separate a portion by treatment with pure methanol (CH3OH) using soxhlet apparatus at boiling temperature and the sample is crystallized to separate to the pure compound. The compound was identified further by chromatographic studies, melting point determination, and spectral analysis (IR, 1D and 2D NMR) etc. Furthermore, antimicrobial studies are tested various antibacterial and antifungal species and also molecular docking studies are checked with HIV protease with Schrodinger 9.5 software.