Análisis del cambio de uso del suelo en un ecosistema urbano en la zona de drenaje del río Grijalva, México Resumen E l cambio de uso del suelo de la ciudad de Villahermosa, Tabasco, se analizó con base en el efecto provocado por el crecimiento urbano sobre la vegetación arbórea y los ecosistemas acuáticos. Se hizo un análisis multitemporal mediante el modelador de cambio de uso del suelo (Land Change Modeler for Ecological Sustainability) y el módulo CrossTab del software IDRISI Selva® y se calcularon tasas de cambio. De acuerdo con los resultados, durante casi tres décadas se perdieron 4,008 ha de suelo ocupado por vegetación arbórea y 289 ha de humedales, debido al crecimiento acelerado de los pastizales y la zona urbana. Mediante modelos de transición estocástica (cadenas de Markov y autómatas celulares) se proyectó una pérdida de 1,171 ha de vegetación arbórea y 247 ha de humedales entre el periodo 2008 y 2030. Es probable que esta tendencia se mantenga por el incesante crecimiento del pastizal y la zona urbana.Received: March 31, 2016 / Accepted: November 9, 2016. Palabras clave:Vegetación arbórea, humedales, crecimiento urbano, cadenas de Markov, autómatas celulares.

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El suelo es un recurso natural de suma importancia para el ser humano por lo que definir su uso es esencial en un estudio ambiental. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar las diferentes clases de usos del suelo en la subcuenca del río Metztitlán y proporcionar información confiable. La metodología empleada fue un enfoque cuantitativo y se realizó en cuatro etapas: recorridos de campo, preprocesamiento de la imagen de satélite Landsat 8 del año 2019, clasificación y validación de los usos del suelo. El proceso se basó en una estructura jerárquica de las categorías de dichos usos. Posteriormente, con el software TerrSet y recorridos de campo se describieron las características de estos. Se realizó una clasificación supervisada de máxima verosimilitud y se obtuvieron seis clases principales: matorral xerófilo (26 %), bosques (incluye coníferas, encinos y de niebla) (38 %), agricultura de riego (12 %) y de temporal (8 %), así como los cuerpos de agua (1 %) y zonas urbanas (15 %). La validación de la clasificación presentó más del 50 % de concordancia entre las clases generadas con la imagen y las obtenidas en campo.

RESUMENEsta investigación describe y analiza algunos métodos de detección de cambios en el uso del suelo originado por el crecimiento urbano con la finalidad de mostrar sus ventajas y desventajas; también expone aquellos métodos que proporcionan resultados favorables fundamentados en la información geográfica y que permiten una correcta toma de decisiones en la planificación del uso del suelo urbano. ABSTRACTThis research describes and analyzes some methods of detecting land-use changes caused by urban growth in order to show their advantages and disadvantages. It also outlines those methods that provide favorable results based on geographical information and enable proper decision-making in urban land-use planning. PALABRAS CLAVE:Uso del suelo urbano, crecimiento urbano, planificación territorial, toma de decisiones, SIG. KEY WORDS:Urban land use, urban growth, land-use planning, decision-making, GIS. INTRODUCCIÓNEl desarrollo poblacional demanda una gran cantidad de servicios y recursos, lo cual puede llegar a impactar negativamente al ambiente y deteriorar la calidad de vida de sus habitantes cuando no se realiza de manera planificada (USGS, 1999). Por tanto, es importante que las autoridades encargadas de la planificación territorial conozcan e implementen metodologías de planificación espacial para detectar y establecer las posibles modificaciones del crecimiento urbano para reorientar y minimizar los impactos bajo un contexto de sustentabilidad.En este proceso de planificación territorial es fundamental el uso de las diferentes disciplinas de la Geomática para caracterizar espacial y temporalmente la dinámica del crecimiento urbano con cierta precisión y detalle, con la finalidad de generar conocimiento útil en la planificación y ordenamiento del te-

Recurrent flooding occurs in most years along different parts of the Gulf of Mexico coastline and the central and southeastern parts of Mexico. These events cause significant economic losses in the agricultural, livestock, and infrastructure sectors, and frequently involve loss of human life. Climate change has contributed to flooding events and their more frequent occurrence, even in areas where such events were previously rare. Satellite images have become valuable information sources to identify, precisely locate, and monitor flooding events. The machine learning models use remote sensing images pixels as input feature. In this paper, we report a study involving 16 combinations of Sentinel-1 SAR images, Sentinel-2 optical images, and digital elevation model (DEM) data, which were analyzed to evaluate the performance of two widely used machine learning algorithms, gradient boosting (GB) and random forest (RF), for providing information about flooding events. With machine learning models GB and RF, the input dataset (Sentinel-1, Sentinel-2, and DEM) was used to establish rules and classify the set in the categories specified by previous tags. Monitoring of flooding was performed by tracking the evolution of water bodies during the dry season (before the event) through to the occurrence of floods during the rainy season (during the event). For detection of bodies of water in the dry season, the metrics indicate that the best algorithm is GB with combination 15 (F1m = 0.997, AUC = 0.999, K = 0.994). In the rainy season, the GB algorithm had better metrics with combination 16 (F1m = 0.995, AUC = 0.999, Kappa = 0.994), and detected an extent of flooded areas of 1113.36 ha with depths of <1 m. The high classification performance shown by machine learning algorithms, particularly the so-called assembly algorithms, means that they should be considered capable of improving satellite image classification for detection of flooding over traditional methods, in turn leading to better monitoring of flooding at local, regional, and continental scales.

Identifying forest ecosystems with significant ecological, social, and/or economic values is an important first-step in conserving landscape function. Here, we identify priority conservation areas in the municipalities of Chignahuapan and Zacatlan, Puebla (Mexico), based on: (i) their capacity to sequester atmospheric CO2; and (ii) risk of future deforestation. We also explore management strategies for priority-lands conservation in the Mexican context. Aboveground C sequestration was estimated using wood density and biomass expansion-factor data available from local forestry sources. Deforestation risk was estimated by a probabilistic model of land use change using socioeconomic and biophysical variables. Carbon sequestration estimates ranged from 14 to 531 Mg ha -1 for Chignahuapan and Zacatlan, respectively. An estimated 11,746 and 4,406 ha of forest was determined to be at risk of deforestation in each municipality. Of these at-risk lands, 2,421 and 1,798 ha were determined to be at high risk. In combination, we determined that 10,687 and 4,319 ha, respectively, are priority lands for carbon sequestration in Chignahuapan and Zacatlan, of which 628 and 310 ha were determined to have high conservation priority. Identifying priority conservation areas through the integrated assessment of carbon sequestration and deforestation risk can enhance efforts to target land management strategies to mitigate climate change impacts. This approach can serve as a model for other forested regions in Mexico and other countries.

Objective: Generate a fishing regionalization activity in Mexico based on the economic criteria due to thevalue of fishery production.Design/Methodology/Approach: Socioeconomic data was taken as well as analyzed from the StatisticalYearbook of Aquaculture and Fisheries of fisheries in Mexico. Subsequently, the findings were organizedin a database with geospatial referent reclassified into nominal or ordinal qualitative statistical values. Thereclassification process was done through the use of a Geographic Information System, specifically withArcview 3.2 software, which allowed the generation of geostatistical analysis procedures through the use ofthe Kriging tool.Results: The results are displayed in a visually referenced database shown on a map constructed by datavectorization. The regionalization map of fisheries in Mexico is based on economic criteria of production valueclassified in four zones with different fishing priority.Limitations/implications: The lack of studies and social, economic and productive indexes of the Mexicanfishery is a limitation in the work of regionalization of fishing activity.Findings/conclusions: The efficiency of the use of Kriging as a multispecific analysis tool can be proven.The proposed regionalization is based solely on the monetary value, an item that has a greater weight inthe decisions made by the institutions, due to its importance in terms of Mexico’s Gross Domestic Product.These criteria together with the use of computational tools allowed the geolocalized regional categorizationof zones with similar characteristics classified into four fishing regions according to their degree of economicimportance: low, medium, high and main.

Objective: The objective was to study the territorial organization strategy of local actors;church, government and population that influenced the evolution and currentorganization of the town of Santa Ana de Guadalupe after the canonization of the priestToribio Romo.Design / Methodology / Approach: The local development methodology was applied,through specific interviews with representatives of social partners; local church,government, and population.Results: It was found that the infrastructure and equipment of the Saint’s Temple, whichreceives more than 700 thousand visitors a year, shows potentialities, strengths andlimitations at the locality. Analyzing the territory, through its economic, political, socio-cultural, and environmental axes, it was noted that local development is a process ofgrowth and structural change in which the main interest of the town is to increaseemployment and meeting the needs and demands of religious pilgrims. As well as favorthe appropriate use of the resources, and over-all potential of the locality in order toimprove the standard of living of the population.Limitations of the study / Implications: The strategies of cooperation and knowledgeof the ecclesiastical agents in conjunction with the government and local populationthrough joint organization contribute to the transformation of Santa Ana de Guadalupe. Findings / Conclusions: It was observed that social partners (church, government and population) collaborate actively. Particularly in ecclesiastical activities to develop strategies (as organization and cooperation) to promote the local development.