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Mist-rooted ‘Picual’ olive cuttings growing in 1.1-L pots containing a mixture of washed sand and perlite were used to induce symptoms of phosphorus (P) deficiency and toxicity and to determine the nutritional status to which these symptoms occur. Plants were growing in a growth chamber at 25 °C day/15 °C night with a 14-hour photoperiod. From late spring to the autumn, plants were placed in a shade house protected from the rain. In the first experiment, plants received the application of 0, 100, 200, or 400 ppm P, and in the second experiment, 0, 12.5, 25, 50, 100, or 200 ppm P. Shoot growth was measured weekly and leaf samples were collected at different dates to determine P concentration. At the end of each experiment, plants were harvested and P was determined to obtain the P uptake by the plants. Phosphorus uptake efficiency (PUE) was estimated as PUE = (P uptake/P applied) × 100. P content increased in plants with the amount of P applied, and accumulated mainly in the roots. Vegetative growth showed a quadratic response, indicating a reduction of growth at the lowers and highest doses of P application. Leaf P concentration below or above which shoot growth was reduced was 0.11% to 0.13%. Symptoms of P deficiency and toxicity were observed in only a few plants. Leaf P concentration of deficient plants was 0.025%, and that of toxicity 0.21%. Toxicity symptoms were similar to that of zinc (Zn) deficiency. PUE was very low, 1.34% to 4.45%, suggesting the low P requirements of the olive.

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Objective: The objective was to study the territorial organization strategy of local actors;church, government and population that influenced the evolution and currentorganization of the town of Santa Ana de Guadalupe after the canonization of the priestToribio Romo.Design / Methodology / Approach: The local development methodology was applied,through specific interviews with representatives of social partners; local church,government, and population.Results: It was found that the infrastructure and equipment of the Saint’s Temple, whichreceives more than 700 thousand visitors a year, shows potentialities, strengths andlimitations at the locality. Analyzing the territory, through its economic, political, socio-cultural, and environmental axes, it was noted that local development is a process ofgrowth and structural change in which the main interest of the town is to increaseemployment and meeting the needs and demands of religious pilgrims. As well as favorthe appropriate use of the resources, and over-all potential of the locality in order toimprove the standard of living of the population.Limitations of the study / Implications: The strategies of cooperation and knowledgeof the ecclesiastical agents in conjunction with the government and local populationthrough joint organization contribute to the transformation of Santa Ana de Guadalupe. Findings / Conclusions: It was observed that social partners (church, government and population) collaborate actively. Particularly in ecclesiastical activities to develop strategies (as organization and cooperation) to promote the local development.