One of the unresolved issues in experimental neuromorphology is searching for a solution for myelinated nerve fibers clustering on set of morphometric parameters. Therefore, in this article, a new approach for cluster analysis of myelinated fibers is proposed based on their morpho-functional features. The proposed clustering approach was developed in R software environment and uses model-based clustering, which is performed in few steps with increasing number of morphometric parameters on each next step. Applying the proposed clustering solution shown high similarity of identified groups' morphometric parameters with respective physiological types of myelinated A-fibers. This fact, in addition to the algorithm implementation simplicity, facilitates its use on identifying clusters of myelinated fibers that represent different myelinated fibers subpopulation in experimental neuromorphological research with high level of reliability.
The article shows the possibilities of integration of Django web framework and typesetting program LaTeX to automate the creation of methodological guidelines for students by the example of the discipline “Human Anatomy”. The developed system demonstrates the possibilities of separating work on the content and reducing the time for adherence to visual style considering the peculiarities of discipline teaching.
The article represents our own experience in organization of the educational process in the discipline of «Human Anatomy» in the format of distance online learning during the Covid-19 pandemic. The main stages of this form of education formation in the world and in Ukraine are briefl y represented. The causes of a number of challenges that arise in the implementation of online training are identifi ed and analyzed. The arisen problems are suggested to be solved by using presentations with color anatomical fi gures. The article describes the method of making presentations for both education and control using Power Point in detail. To assess students’ knowledge, it is also recommended to use electronic versions of test tasks of two levels: color fi gures, in which anatomical structures are marked with numbers, and situational clinical problems in the form of tasks «Step-1». Emphasis is placed on the peculiarities of the organization of distant online pass of fi nal module controls. There were off ered some simple but eff ective ways of elimination of students’ academic dishonesty.
The peculiarities of preparation and performance of two kinds of binary lectures which are a binary lecture- dispute and an interdisciplinary binary lecture are in detail described in this paper. They diff er in their essence, aim, tasks, means of preparation, the choice of lecturer- partner, the format of the material.The aim of the binary lecture- dispute is to organize a controversy on a problematic issue between two lecturers. The more lively the discussion, the more interesting it is for the students, and the easier it is to involve them into the discussion. The form of presenting the material is a powerful motivational stimulus. The professional competence of lecturers can be diff erent, their communication, expressiveness and acting skills are more important. Mostly they are teachers of one department. There is no necessity to distribute lecture material and time between lecturers. It also does not require rehearsals without students. Such a lecture is more interesting for them.The aim of the interdisciplinary binary lecture is to show the interdisciplinary continuity, when the basic data of one discipline are necessary for mastering of another one. It does not involve any dispute and is presented as a consistent monologue of two lecturers. It is not possible to involve the students, because previously acquired knowledge is forgotten, and the knowledge provided – is still unknown to them. Motivation for students is only the relevance of the theme and lecture skills. The lectures are always delivered by tutors of diff erent disciplines. Their intellectual and psychological compatibility and the same level of professionalism are also very important. The volume of lecture material is always increasing. It requires rehearsals without students. It is more di ffi cult for teachers in its preparation and implementation.
It is known about the high incidence of the urinary bladder lesions in the structure of urological pathology regardless of age; however, according to the analysis of world literature sources, data on postnatal ontogenetic transformations of its wall constituents are poorly studied. Therefore, the purpose of our work was to study the morphofunctional peculiarities of the urinary bladder during sexual formation and puberty in parallel with research of pro-and antioxidant systems, as these processes are interrelated and interdependent. In compliance with bioethical principles, in the experiment on 20 immature and 20 mature white outbred male rats using a complex research methods (injection, histological, immune-histochemical, electronic-microscopic and biochemical) the structural changes in the wall of the urinary bladder and pro-and antioxidant systems in stages of postnatal ontogenesis were studied. Vascular transformations in investigated age periods occur in parallel with the transformations of cellular and non-cellular elements of the urinary bladder wall, ensuring adequacy of tissue homeostasis in ontogenesis. All this is associated with the processes of peroxidation and antioxidant systems operation, indicating their interrelationship and interdependence and strict control of the whole hierarchical system of regulation. Taking into account the peculiarities of the structural elements of the urinary bladder wall at these stages of postnatal ontogenesis, clarification of the dynamics in other age groups and under the influence of various factors is promising.
One of the unsolved issues in neuromorphology is the classification of myelin nerve fibers (MNF). Objective: to use cluster analysis to classify the sciatic nerve MNF. Material and methods. The work was performed using 5 one-year-old male Wistar rats. Semi-thin sections were stained with methylene blue. MNF morphometry was performed using ImageJ, and statistical processing – using the software environment R. Results of the study. Ward’s and k-means methods were used to cluster the MNF. Three clusters of MNFs are defined and their parameters are determined. The presented algorithm for adapting the literature data to the format of the obtained results includes determining the total average for the combined set of each indicator and the total variance, which is the sum of intragroup and intergroup variances. Conclusions: 1) for the classification of MNF it is advisable to use cluster analysis; 2) clustering should be performed according to the transsection areas of the axial cylinder and myelin sheath; 3) the number of clusters is determined by the agglomerative method of Ward, and their metrics – by the iterative method of k-means; 4) three clusters of MNF of the rat sciatic nerve differ in the transsection areas of the fibers, the axial cylinder and the myelin sheath and the percentage of nerve fibers; 5) when comparing identical indicators according to the obtained and literature data, the results were equivalent in the areas of the axial cylinder and myelin sheath and their shape coefficients, despite the fact that the classification of myelin fibers and their morphometry was performed using different methods.
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