The aim of this paper is to present the operating principles and properties of gradient index multimode interference structures made by K +-Na + ion exchange in glass and their basic applications in optoelectronic circuits. The investigations of multimode interference structures were performed applying a method based on the visualization of light distribution in gradient structures, using fluorescence of the substance covering the multimode interference structures section. Basing on the above we present gradient index multimode interference structures applications in splitters and couplers 1 × N technology of different configurations.
In the paper examinations of a lightguide sensor on the base of gradient index multimode interference structures are presented. Investigated structures were fabricated in potassium-sodium ion exchange process. Multimode interference sensor was designed for ammonia detection. Bromocresol purple covering the multimode section was used as a sensing layer. Numerical calculations were performed with the use of modal analysis and beam propagation method to optimise sensor geometry and sensing layer thickness. Experimental results show the possibility of ammonia detection from the concentration of tens ppm.
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