Aspects of application of ion exchange in glass

Opilski, A.; Rogoziński, R.; Gut, K.; Błahut, M.

doi:10.1117/12.409163

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…This specific subject has been developing into a large market, where ion exchange strengthened glasses are now used in displays, handheld electronic devices, pharmaceutical packaging, and many other areas. Monovalent cation exchange has also received much attention for tailoring the refractive index profile of the surface layer, i.e., so as to create microstructured planar or buried waveguides or optical lenses with graded refractive index (Ramaswamy and Srivastava, 1988;Opilski et al, 2000;Honkanen et al, 2006;Tervonen et al, 2011).…”

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confidence: 99%

Trends in Effective Diffusion Coefficients for Ion-Exchange Strengthening of Soda-Lime-Silicate Glasses

et al. 2017

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Monovalent cations enable efficient ion-exchange processes due to their high mobility in silicate glasses. Numerous properties can be modified in this way, e.g., mechanical, optical, electrical, or chemical performance. In particular, alkali cation exchange has received significant attention, primarily with respect to introducing compressive stress into the surface region of a glass, which increases mechanical durability. However, most of the present applications rely on specifically tailored matrix compositions in which the cation mobility is enhanced. This largely excludes the major area of soda-lime-silicates (SLS) such as are commodity in almost all large-scale applications of glasses. Basic understanding of the relations between structural parameters and the effective diffusion coefficients may help to improve ion-exchanged SLS glass products, on the one hand in terms of obtainable strength and on the other in terms of cost. In the present paper, we discuss the trends in the effective diffusion coefficients when exchanging Na + for various monovalent cations (K + , Cu + , Ag + , Rb + , and Cs + ) by drawing relations to physicochemical properties. Correlations of effective diffusion coefficients were found for the bond dissociation energy and the electronic cation polarizability, indicating that localization and rupture of bonds are of importance for the ion-exchange rate.

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confidence: 99%

Trends in Effective Diffusion Coefficients for Ion-Exchange Strengthening of Soda-Lime-Silicate Glasses

et al. 2017

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“…In the field of optical communications, the high optical compatibility between glass integrated devices and optical fibers clearly offers an important advantage with respect to other materials. Again, ion-exchanged glass waveguides have constituted a fundamental component of several devices based on modal coupling, such as directional couplers (e.g., for power dividers), gratings (e.g., for contradirectional coupling in integrated lasers), multimode interferometers (MMI), 1 × N and 2 × N splitters, array waveguide gratings (e.g., for wavelength division multiplexing), and so on [19,32,33]. Section 2 summarizes the fundamentals of ion-exchanged channel waveguides and circuits.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Active and Quantum Integrated Photonic Elements by Ion Exchange in Glass

Righini

Liñares

2021

Applied Sciences

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Ion exchange in glass has a long history as a simple and effective technology to produce gradient-index structures and has been largely exploited in industry and in research laboratories. In particular, ion-exchanged waveguide technology has served as an excellent platform for theoretical and experimental studies on integrated optical circuits, with successful applications in optical communications, optical processing and optical sensing. It should not be forgotten that the ion-exchange process can be exploited in crystalline materials, too, and several crucial devices, such as optical modulators and frequency doublers, have been fabricated by ion exchange in lithium niobate. Here, however, we are concerned only with glass material, and a brief review is presented of the main aspects of optical waveguides and passive and active integrated optical elements, as directional couplers, waveguide gratings, integrated optical amplifiers and lasers, all fabricated by ion exchange in glass. Then, some promising research activities on ion-exchanged glass integrated photonic devices, and in particular quantum devices (quantum circuits), are analyzed. An emerging type of passive and/or reconfigurable devices for quantum cryptography or even for specific quantum processing tasks are presently gaining an increasing interest in integrated photonics; accordingly, we propose their implementation by using ion-exchanged glass waveguides, also foreseeing their integration with ion-exchanged glass lasers.

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“…ion exchange, plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition (PECVD) and spin coating in the case of SU8-polymer waveguides [1][2][3][4][5][6]. SU8 is a polymer based on epoxy resin, developed in 1989 by IBM.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bimodal Layers of the Polymer SU8 as Refractometer

Gut¹

2012

Procedia Engineering

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The paper presents the results of investigations concerning measurements of the refractive index and the thickness of planar waveguide structures, obtained by photo polymerization of the polymer SU8. In the paper the mode sensitivity has been calculated as a function of the thickness in a bimodal structure. The differential interference was analyzed concerning modes of the same types TE 0 -TE 1 and TM 0 -TM 1. The thickness of the layer has been determined when the interferometer is most sensitive to changes of the refractive index of the cover.

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Aspects of application of ion exchange in glass

Cited by 7 publications

References 3 publications

Trends in Effective Diffusion Coefficients for Ion-Exchange Strengthening of Soda-Lime-Silicate Glasses

Trends in Effective Diffusion Coefficients for Ion-Exchange Strengthening of Soda-Lime-Silicate Glasses

Active and Quantum Integrated Photonic Elements by Ion Exchange in Glass

Bimodal Layers of the Polymer SU8 as Refractometer

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