Introduction: cervix is a gateway to numerous non neoplastic and neoplastic gynecological lesions. Cervical cancer is the leading cancer in Indian women and second most common cancer in women worldwide next to breast cancer. Objectives: 1) To study the histopathological features of cervical lesions. 2) To study the age distribution and relative frequency of various cervical lesions. Materials and Methods: This is 5 years retrospective study of all cervical biopsies received from 2011-2015 in the department of pathology. Result: In a total of 739 cases studied 365(49.39%) cases were non neoplastic, 113(15.29%) were pre invasive and 261(35.31%) cases were malignant. Cervicitis was the most common non neoplastic lesion and squamous cell carcinoma was the most common cancer. Conclusion: Adequate cervical screening procedure with follow up cervical biopsies helps in early diagnosis and management of premalignant and malignant lesions.
Invasive papillary carcinoma of the breast is a rare, distinct variant comprising approximately less than 1-2% of all newly diagnosed cases of breast carcinoma and is usually found in postmenopausal women with a more favorable prognosis. We report an unusual case in a 45-year-old perimenopausal female who came with a complaint of lump in right breast for duration of 1 year. A simple mastectomy was undertaken for histopathological study and immunohistochemistry (IHC) which showed characteristic features of an invasive papillary breast carcinoma. We present this case in view of its rarity and to highlight this clinicopathological subtype for its good prognosis and to avoid overtreatment.
one of which has a well-defined rim. The latter was a large mucincontaining cyst arising from right ovary.
Hidrocystomas are rare cystic lesions that form benign tumours of the sweat glands. In this report, a clinical case of multiple apocrine hidrocystomas on both the upper and lower eyelids, and on both the malar regions has been discussed. These lesions are less likely than the eccrine lesions to occur at the periorbital region.Vani D, DayananDa T R, ShaShiDhaR h B, BhaRaThi M, haReeSh R S KuMaR, V RaViKuMaR InTRoduCTIonHidrocystomas are rare, benign, cystic lesions of the skin -they can be either eccrine or apocrine and are often found on the head, neck and the trunk regions [1]. These tumours have also been reported to occur on the penis, axillae, and in the anal region [2].Apocrine hidrocystomas are often regarded as adenomas, because the secretory cells are not flattened and they have papillary projections which extend into the lumen [3]. They are usually solitary and are found mostly on the head and neck and along the eyelid margins, near the inner canthus. The apocrine lesions are less likely than the eccrine lesions to occur at the periorbital regions [4].This case report deals with such a rare tumour which presented as multiple cystic lesions on both the upper and the lower eyelids and on both the malar areas. CASe RepoRTA 75 year old male patient presented with multiple, small, translucent, cystic papules which were filled with a watery fluid, which had been present since five years and he was asymptomatic. On local examination, the lesions were observed on both the upper and lower eyelids and on both the malar areas. The largest cyst measured 2x2cms [Table/ Fig-1]. A clinical diagnosis of hidrocystoma was offered. The patient underwent, under local anaesthesia, an excisional biopsy of the mass and the specimen was subjected to a histopathological examination.Pathological Findings: The gross examination of this specimen showed a grey white cyst which measured 1.5x1cms. The histopathologic examination of the paraffin sections which were stained with haematoxylin-eosin, revealed the presence of a cyst in the dermis, which was lined by an inner layer of a secretory columnar epithelium, which lay above an outer myoepithelial cell layer. At places, the secretory epithelium showed decapitation [Table/ Fig-2], which suggested an apocrine hidrocystoma. dISCuSSIonThe skin adnexal neoplasms exhibit a morphological differentiation towards one or more types of adnexal structures which are found in the normal skin (the pilosebaceous units, eccrine glands, and the apocrine glands) and they comprise a wide spectrum of benign and malignant tumours [5]. The apocrine glands are most frequently present in the axillae, the groin, the external auditory canal, the eyelids and on the nipple. The apocrine hidrocystomas are benign adenomatous cystic proliferations which are derived from the apocrine sweat glands, which often occur as solitary translucent cystic lesions, most commonly on the head and neck, especially in the periocular tissues [3].The exact stimulus for the development of an apocrine hidrocystoma is unknown...
BACKGROUND: The cytological study of body fluids is one of the oldest applications of cytological techniques. A variety of conditions cause pleural effusion. Specific diagnosis is a major challenge and the possibility of malignant involvement should always be considered in difficult to diagnose cases. AIM: The purpose of this study is to show that a malignant diagnosis in the effusions, with or without a known primary, usually signifies advanced disease. OBJECTIVES: (1) To know the proportion of conditions causing pleural effusion, (2) To study the cytological spectrum using various techniques, (3) To assess the sensitivity of combined techniques. Materials and Methods: One hundred samples were processed by conventional cytology, cytocentrifuge smears and cell block method using 10% Alcohol-formalin fixative. RESULTS: Out of 100 cases, most were exudative effusions with 15 cases of malignancy. All are secondary deposits with adenocarcinoma most common primary site was lung. One acute myeloid leukemia case presented in pleural effusion. Cell block method increased diagnostic yield by 13.3%. CONCLUSION: A combined approach of conventional smears and cell block technique helps to get an additional diagnostic yield for malignancy in pleural effusions.
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