Background: Medical faculties in Indonesia also affected by COVID-19 pandemic, including the faculty of medicine, Universitas Kristen Indonesia. To some extent, faculty administrator had to improvisize in order to make adjustment, from the formerly class based lecture in to modified long distance/online lecture. This study aimed to measure the impact of COVID-19 on the medical education by asking the student’s perception on the practice of long distance learning delivered during this pandemi.Methods: The study held in Jakarta, Indonesia from the 1st until 3rd week of May 2020, after previously being approved by the faculty ethical committe. This is a simple survey based cross sectional study design using electronic questionairre which was arranged based on the result of previously conducted small focus group discussion and in-depth interview carried out on a number of selected students and lecturers. Questionairre made on Google Forms™, then carefully being evaluated for its validity and reliability until considered fix. The e-questionairre sent via whatsapp™ to all of students. All the data collected put together in Microsoft Excel spreadsheet, then being exported to SPSS™ ver. 21 for further analysis.Results: A number of 545 students respondended to electronic survey conducted via WhatsApp™. Our study on the effect of COVID to our student’s education revealed some supportive, but also inhibitory factors.Conclusions: To our knowledge, this can be a valuable input to faculty administrator in order to improve medical education delivery in the future.

Aims: To describe the existence of microbial normal flora and its contribution to homeostasis, with emphasize on several major systems of the human body. Discussion: Normal microflora are a group of various microorganisms that reside in the bodies of all humans or animals. These organisms are consistently exist, and relatively stable, with specific genera populating various body regions during particular periods in an individual's life, from shortly after birth until death. The indigeneous normal microbiota provides a first line of defense against microbial pathogens, assists in digestion, and contributes to maturation of the immune system and in general able to assists the anatomy, physiology, susceptibility to pathogens, and even morbidity of the host. Several internal factors like age and external factors like geographical position, diets habbits, the condition of stress, infection and even antibiotics consumption, are some factors that can affect the function of normal microflora. Conclusion: Normal microbial microflora consistently inhabits some region of the body and influences the hots’s homeostasis. Several factors such as diets, stress, infection and antibiotics administration, can affect the existence and performance of normal microflora.

Introduction: Medical students are future doctor candidates. They must learn about diseases, infectious and non-infectious, during their education period. What the students have to learn is being packaged in integrated blocks. Tutorial is one of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) methods in medical education whose activities are entirely learner-centered. It is a focus group discussion (FGD) based activity, consist of 7-8 students and supervised by one lecturer called tutor who will provide an assessment at the end of each session. The aim of this study is to characterize whether gender and place of residence affect the student’s tutorial score. Methods: This retrospective cross sectional study conducted from April to May 2021 at the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Kristen Indonesia, Jakarta-Indonesia. All data of active students gathered from education manager office. Simple descriptive statistic operation conducted whenever necessary. Data about place of residence obtained electronically using simple G-form survey. Result and Discussion:  Data comes from 607 active students were eligible for further analysis. Total mean of tutorial score based on their batch (2017, 2018, 2019, 2020): 15.53; 16.24; 15.82 and 15.06. The highest mean tutorial score is 16.34 in the group of female students who live in their own home from the class of 2018 and the lowest score is 14.74 in the group of male student who live in the boarding house from the class 2020. Conclusion: Female students have a higher mean tutorial score compared to male students, and those who live at home with their parents also have a higher average score than those who live in a boarding house, by themselves. As our students become more senior, the better their tutorial scores.

Leishmania, a parasitic protozoan, a single-celled organism of the genus trypanosomes that are responsible for the disease leishmaniasis. Transmission occured by sandflies of the genus Phlebotomus in the Old World, and of the genus Lutzomyia in the New World. Globally, at least 93 sandfly species are proven or probable vectors. Their primary hosts are vertebrates; Leishmania commonly infects hyraxes, canids, rodents, and humans. Leishmaniasis encompasses diverse clinical syndromes, including cutaneous, mucosal, and potentially life-threatening visceral forms. Three widely known virulence factors belongs to the genus Leishmania include the active compound named proteophosphoglycan (PPG), GP63 metalloprotease and lipophosphoglycan (LPG). these substance established on the surface of the parasite. The aim of this review article is to make an insight of the biochemical characteristics of Leishmania spp virulence factors, the armamentarium that predispose their pathogenesis, its invasion and virulence to the mammalian host.

Aims: To review previous electronic literature available on the internet regarding epidemiology of smoking among Indonesian women, and its associated factors with seeking for alternative management available in the internet. Study Design: A simple cross sectional study by systematically review of the electronic  literatures. Place and Duration of Study: All steps in ths study conducted in the Faculty of Medicine Universitas Kristen Indonesia, Jakarta Indonesia between January-July 2022. Methodology: This simple literature study held by reviewing the electronic literatures regarding the topics. Data mining made available from popular scientific search engine named PubMed® and Google scholar™. Phrases of "Female Smokers in Indonesia pdf", "Risk Factors for Female Smokers in Indonesia pdf", “Prevalence smoking in Indonesia” being the keyword in searching which combined in bahasa and or English. The data collected will be entered systematically with tabulation and presentation of the map of Indonesia. Out of 106 articles gained initially, then through several stages of screening, the number reduced step by step until the remaining 15 articles to be analyzed further. All important data form all articles are presented in tabular form and then followed by an attempt to describe geographical location where the study conducted This is done by placing dots and related numbers in modified Indonesia map. Results: The prevalence and characteristics of female smokers in Indonesia in time period of 2016 – 2022 were achieved in 15 articles. Methodologically, most of the study using a simple, cross sectional method (60%) presented in a table. Conclusion: This literature study discusses the prevalence and risk factors of female smokers in Indonesia. Smoking is still a common health problem that causes death on a large scale in the world, especially in the vulnerable group like women. Many internal and social factor affect this practice among women. By teaching them properly about the future risk of smoking and support them actively to quit smoking; this approach will save her future and her descendant. Yoga and or other alternative approach might be an alternative for those who want to quit smoking.

Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a severe public health problem and are caused by a range of pathogens, but most commonly by Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus saprophyticus. High recurrence rates and increasing antimicrobial resistance among uropathogens threaten to greatly increase the economic burden of these infections. This study aimed to measure the lowest concentration of Moringa oleifera Lam. Leaf that did not show any growth of the tested microorganisms. Methods: The antibacterial activity test was adapted from the CLSI broth microdilution assay, with minor modifications, were used for the evaluation of the antibacterial activity of M. oleifera extracts against tested bacteria. Three concentrations higher than the MIC standard were cultured on the MHA. The lowest concentration on agar which was not found any growth of the bacterial colonies was determined as the MBC. Results: The antibacterial activity test results showed that Moringa leaf extract could inhibit bacterial growth. Inhibition of bacterial growth based on extract concentration. For E. coli bacteria, the results showed the highest absorbance value at 100mg/ml concentration (2.86±0.02); even when diluted to 3,13 mg/ml (1.08±0.01), the moringa leaf extracts could inhibit the E. coli growth, although the value did not differ greatly from that of the negative control (0.13±0.06). The same as E. coli, the antibacterial activity test results showed that moringa leaf extract could inhibit others bacteria growth of UTIs. Conclusions: Methanol extract of Moringa oleifera leaf can inhibit and bactericide the growth of urinary tract infections bacteria.

Aims: Due to the complexity of teaching new subjects to medical freshmen, especially in basic medical science, and the variability of the academic performance, we want to explore the difference of our student’s Biochemistry examination score based on their gender and place of residence. Methods: This is a simple retrospective cross sectional study by analyzing the examination result and compared it based on our student’s gender (male or female) and place of residence (living in their own house or in boarding house). Result and Discussion: During data collection, there are 913 active students from all class of  2016-2021 but only 569 freshmen from the class of 2018-2021 which gender and place of residence data are available, there are 155 male (27.24%) and 414 female (72.75%). Female students achieved better mean score compared to their male counterparts. Students which live in their own house also achieved better mean score compared to those who lived in boarding house. Conclusion: there are differences in the achievement of examination scores based on student’s gender and place of residence.

Aims: To study the impact of COVID on Microbiology examination result, and analyze it further based on the gender and place of residence. Methods: Simple analysis conducted cross-sectionally based on the comparison of the result of final Microbiology exam result based on the student’s gender and place of residence. Data classified by the class of 2018 (Pre-COVID), 2019 (initial COVID) and 2020 (prolonged COVID). Results: There is a pattern of decreasing exam scores, both in theory and practicum, when compared to exam results before COVID (class of 2018), during the initial of the COVID pandemic (class of 2019)   and 1 year after COVID became a pandemic but not yet fully controlled (class of 2020). Conclusion: COVID caused direct impact to medical education, in our context to Microbiology examination result.