Prevalence of Smoking and Its Associated Factors among Indonesian Women: A Simple Literature Review and Alternative Management

Abstract

Aims: To review previous electronic literature available on the internet regarding epidemiology of smoking among Indonesian women, and its associated factors with seeking for alternative management available in the internet.
 Study Design: A simple cross sectional study by systematically review of the electronic literatures.
 Place and Duration of Study: All steps in ths study conducted in the Faculty of Medicine Universitas Kristen Indonesia, Jakarta Indonesia between January-July 2022.
 Methodology: This simple literature study held by reviewing the electronic literatures regarding the topics. Data mining made available from popular scientific search engine named PubMed® and Google scholar™. Phrases of "Female Smokers in Indonesia pdf", "Risk Factors for Female Smokers in Indonesia pdf", “Prevalence smoking in Indonesia” being the keyword in searching which combined in bahasa and or English. The data collected will be entered systematically with tabulation and presentation of the map of Indonesia. Out of 106 articles gained initially, then through several stages of screening, the number reduced step by step until the remaining 15 articles to be analyzed further. All important data form all articles are presented in tabular form and then followed by an attempt to describe geographical location where the study conducted This is done by placing dots and related numbers in modified Indonesia map.
 Results: The prevalence and characteristics of female smokers in Indonesia in time period of 2016 – 2022 were achieved in 15 articles. Methodologically, most of the study using a simple, cross sectional method (60%) presented in a table.
 Conclusion: This literature study discusses the prevalence and risk factors of female smokers in Indonesia. Smoking is still a common health problem that causes death on a large scale in the world, especially in the vulnerable group like women. Many internal and social factor affect this practice among women. By teaching them properly about the future risk of smoking and support them actively to quit smoking; this approach will save her future and her descendant. Yoga and or other alternative approach might be an alternative for those who want to quit smoking.

Maternal Hemoglobin Levels as a Causative Factor in Incidence of Low Birth Weight Babies: A Public Health Prospective

“…Further statistical analysis to seek for was there any significance of difference in birthweight based on maternal Hb level using Wilcoxon signed rank test showed us there is a significant difference in birthweight based on maternal Hb (P=0.000). Anemia in pregnant women possessed potential harm with deteriorating consequences, both to the mother and the newborn [22,23]. A study conducted by Nainggolan in Sumedang, west Java-Indonesia found 18.7% anemic pregnant women [24]; while in our data, the prevalence of anemia among mother of LBWB was 189 individual (73.8%).…”