This article offers a review of research and policy on climate change in Portugal and is organized into three main themes: scientific knowledge and assessment of climate change; policy analysis and evaluation; and public engagement. Modern scientific research on meteorology and climatology started in Portugal in the 1950s and a strong community of researchers in climate science, vulnerabilities, impacts, and adaptation has since developed, particularly in the last decade. Nevertheless, there are still many gaps in research, especially regarding the economic costs of climate change in Portugal and costs and benefits of adaptation. Governmental policies with a strong emphasis on mitigation were introduced at the end of the 1990s. As greenhouse gas emissions continued to rise beyond its Kyoto target for 2012, the country had to resort to the Kyoto Flexibility Mechanisms in order to comply. Climate change adaptation policies were introduced in 2010 but are far from being fully implemented. Regarding public engagement with climate change, high levels of concern contrast with limited understanding and rather weak behavioral dispositions to address climate change. Citizens display a heavy reliance on the media as sources of information, which are dominated by a techno-managerial discourse mainly focused on the global level. The final part of the article identifies research gaps and outlines a research agenda. Connections between policy and research are also discussed.

Reducing global emissions will require a global cosmopolitan culture built from detailed attention to conflicting national climate change frames (interpretations) in media discourse. The authors analyze the global field of media climate change discourse using 17 diverse cases and 131 frames. They find four main conflicting dimensions of difference: validity of climate science, scale of ecological risk, scale of climate politics, and support for mitigation policy. These dimensions yield four clusters of cases producing a fractured global field. Positive values on the dimensions show modest association with emissions reductions. Data-mining media research is needed to determine trends in this global field.

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There have been increasing calls for triggering and sustaining a large-scale transition toward healthier and more sustainable food systems. To help materialize this transition, the present work aims to inform efforts for developing, marketing and promoting plant-based meals and plant-forward lifestyles, following a consumption-focused approach. The findings (Nparticipants = 1600, Portugal; 52.6% female, Mage = 48.30) allowed to identify trends and differences on three sets of variables-(a) current eating habits (i.e., meat, fish, and plant-based meals), (b) consumer willingness to change (i.e., reduce meat consumption, follow a plantbased diet, maintain the status quo), and (c) enablers for eating plant-based meals more often (i.e., capability, opportunity, motivation)-, considering consumer orientations toward consumption in general, and food consumption in particular. Taken together, the results suggested that some consumption orientations were aligned with the transition to more plant-based diets (e.g., food orientation toward naturalness), others were open to-but not yet materialized in-the transition (e.g., general orientation toward consumption as exploration), and still others were in tension with the transition (e.g., food orientation toward pleasure). The discussion calls for developing and testing pathways to reduce meat consumption and increase plant-based eating which capture and build upon a range of consumption orientations, rather than against them.

In the Archipelago of the Azores, over 110,000 km 2 of marine areas presently benefit from some form of protection, including a suite of coastal habitats, offshore areas, seamounts, hydrothermal vents, and large parcels of mid-ocean ridge. These areas are integrated in the recently established network of marine protected areas (MPAs), which stands as the cornerstone of Azorean marine conservation policies. This article describes and analyses the process of MPA establishment in the Azores and the current network of protected areas. Three phases of MPA development are identified, progressing from individual MPA establishment with little scientific support in the 1980s, the increasing scope of scientific research during the 1990s under European Union initiatives and the gradual implementation of an MPA network in the 2000s. Expert critical evaluation of the contemporary situation demonstrates that this network must be integrated within a wider regional marine management strategy, with MPA success being contingent upon the implementation of management plans, appropriate enforcement and monitoring, and bridging gaps in scientific knowledge.Keywords: marine protected area establishment, island settings, networks of marine protected areas, marine policy development, marine spatial planning

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RESUMOAs alterações climáticas são um dos maiores desafios que a sociedade enfrenta atualmente. As comunidades costeiras são particularmente vulneráveis, uma vez que estão crescentemente expostas aos riscos de erosão costeira e de subida do nível do mar. Os pescadores que vivem na e da costa têm uma visão privilegiada das mudanças costeiras e, em resultado da sua atividade, detêm um conhecimento que, apesar de não ser técnico, se baseia na experiência e é específico ao local. Em Portugal, este é um tema ainda pouco explorado e são raros os estudos das ciências sociais sobre as comunidades piscatórias. Este estudo pretende assim ser um contributo para uma temática que se encontra num estado ainda muito incipiente no nosso país. Para tal, analisamos os discursos de uma amostra de entrevistas em profundidade realizadas a pescadores de três zonas da costa portuguesa -Vagueira, Costa da Caparica e Quarteira. Os resultados revelam a existência de um conhecimento específico e profundo acerca da evolução da costa, das mudanças costeiras e das suas causas. Concluímos, através dos seus discursos, que os pescadores compreendem a complexidade das questões costeiras e a multiplicidade de fatores e usos que a influenciam. São também críticos em relação às opções técnicas que têm sido tomadas. Apesar de se verificarem algumas diferenças entre as três zonas de estudo na análise que os entrevistados fazem da eficácia das obras de proteção costeira, todos são capazes de propor medidas alternativas para mitigar o avanço o mar e a erosão costeira. Verifica-se ainda que este saber local não só não é incorporado nas soluções técnicas de gestão costeira, como os pescadores não são consultados aquando da tomada de decisões que os afetam diretamente. Tal poderá dever-se, por um lado, a uma desvalorização social da própria atividade pesqueira o que terá originado uma auto-avaliação negativa do valor social dos pescadores, refletindo-se numa incapacidade de reivindicação, só parcialmente ultrapassada quando estes são representados em associações ou sindicatos. Para além deste estatuto social inferior, parece haver também uma certa "incompatibilidade cultural" e de linguagem entre pescadores e especialistas, dificultando ainda mais o diálogo entre os dois e a incorporação do conhecimento local em decisões técnicas. Palavras