Daily diet factors that could potentially be related to endometrial cancer (EC) in Mexico are still unknown. This study aims to evaluate the association between EC and Mexican dietary factors. A case-control study in Mexico City was conducted during 1995-1997 in a social security hospital, using 85 incident cases of EC and 629 controls. A validated questionnaire with 116 items about the frequency and type of food intake was used. The analysis of nutrients was performed using the residual method, adjusting by predictor variables through logistic regression methods. In addition, partitional models estimated total caloric intake for other sources. We found no association between EC risk and consumption of animal or vegetable proteins, saturated, monounsaturated, or polyunsaturated fat, although high intake of nutrients such as lactose (odds ratio [OR], 0.46; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.21-1.01, P for trend = 0.004), vitamin D (OR, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.18-0.82, P= 0.003), and calcium (OR, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.17-0.89, P= 0.02) were inversely associated with EC. Our results suggest that dietary vitamin D and calcium play an important role in the development of EC, although the mechanisms postulated should be explained with additional studies with large populations.

Background: Many studies have analyzed the effect of behavioral risk factors such as common lifestyle patterns on the risk of disease. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of a healthy lifestyle index on the risk of breast cancer.Methods: A population-based case-control study was conducted in Mexico from 2004 to 2007. One thousand incident cases and 1,074 controls, matched to cases by 5-year age category, region, and health institution, participated in the study. A healthy lifestyle index was developed by means of principal components by using dietary pattern, physical activity, alcohol consumption, and tobacco smoking. A conditional logistic regression model was used to assess this association.Results: The healthy lifestyle index was defined as the combined effect of moderate and/or vigorousintensity physical activity, low consumption of fat, processed foods, refined cereals, complex sugars, and the avoidance of tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption. Results showed a protective effect on both pre-(OR ¼ 0.50, 95% CI: 0.29-0.84) and postmenopausal women (OR ¼ O.20, 95% CI: 0.11-0.37) when highest versus lowest index quintiles were compared.Conclusions: Healthy lifestyle was associated with a reduction in the odds of having breast cancer. Primary prevention of this disease should be promoted in an integrated manner. Effective strategies need to be identified to engage women in healthy lifestyles.Impact: This study is the first to assess a healthy lifestyle index in relation to the risk of breast cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 20(5); 912-22. Ó2011 AACR.

High intake of rapidly absorbed carbohydrate appears to play an important role in the risk of breast cancer in Mexican women.

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Objective: To investigate the relationship between dietary patterns and selfperceived body shape silhouette and BMI in a sample of Mexican women. Design: A cross-sectional analysis of dietary habits from baseline data of a large cohort study (EsMaestra) (1) ) and to 71?9 % in 2006 (2) . This represents a 41 % and 160 % increase in prevalence of overweight and obesity, respectively, in just a decade (3) . Among adults, obesity is more prevalent among women than among men. In 2006, 36?9 % of women were obese (BMI $30?0 kg/m 2 ), whereas only 23?5 % of men belonged to the obese group (3) . A total of 35?1 % of Mexican adult women are estimated to be at risk for excessive carbohydrate intake and 12?6 % are deemed to be at risk for excessive fat intake (4) . In women over 60 years of age, overweight and obesity rates are even higher -approximately 40 % are overweight and 35?5 % are obese -and a high prevalence of hypertension and diabetes is observed (5) .Moreover, it appears that Mexicans have genetic susceptibility to insulin resistance and to altered carbohydrate and lipid metabolism (6) . It is therefore important to determine dietary factors that are most strongly associated with obesity in this population to provide public awareness and prevention strategies.