Pharmaceutical care started in the nineties in the United States and has rapidly extended in many other countries. Although there are different trends, such as clinical pharmacy services, cognitive services, medication management, medication review, they all share the same philosophy and objectives, namely "the responsible provision of drug therapy for the purpose of achieving definite outcomes that improve a patient's quality of life". To attain these objectives, a pharmaceutical care process has to be followed point-by-point in order to detect possible medication-related problems. Furthermore, pharmacists have to work together with patients, and ultimately with physicians to establish a care plan. This methodology requires basic skills of documentation and communication and therefore, it is important to establish implementation programs aimed at community-, hospital-, and consultant pharmacists, and to consider PC as a basic element of University teaching programs and postgraduate studies. Moreover, there are still barriers that hinder the provision of this service and have to be overcome. In this article, we have revised the implementation process and the existing projects in many countries and we conclude that despite the enormous amount of work, there is still much to be done from sides of Administration and pharmacists themselves.

Three nucleopolyhedroviruses (NPVs), of different geographical origins, were biochemically characterized and compared. Two that were isolated from Spodoptera exigua (Se‐UZB and Se‐SP3) in Uzbekistan and Spain were SeMNPV type, and the third which was isolated from Mamestra brassicae (Mb‐PL) in Poland was MbMNPV type. The Spanish isolate Se‐SP3 showed restriction endonuclease (REN) profiles that were closely related to two previously described Spanish strains Se‐SP1 and Se‐SP2, but had some unique and characteristic REN fragments. On the other hand, comparison between the Uzbekian (Se‐UZB) and the Spanish (Se‐SP1, Se‐SP2, and Se‐SP3) isolates from S. exigua showed unrelated REN profiles. However, the PstI and BglII profiles of Se‐UZB and Mb‐PL were identical, and very similar to the REN profiles of the MbMNPV strain, which constitutes the active component of Mamestrin® (NPP, Nagueres, France), a commercial bioinsecticide. It is therefore very likely that the Se‐UZB samples were cross‐infected by the Polish strain (Mb‐PL). This work presents two new strains of SeMNPV and MbMNPV, called Se‐SP3 and Mb‐PL, respectively, which were surveyed in two distant areas.

The features of the emerging modeling languages for system design allow designers to build models of almost any kind of heterogeneous hardware-software systems, including Real Time Embedded Systems (RTES). An important goal to achieve is the implementation and use of these models in all the steps of a common design flow. One of these steps is the Design Space Exploration (DSE), which helps designers in discovering the optimal solutions among all possible combinations after mapping functional to architectural specifications; for RTES this step is particularly hard as it should include scheduling analysis in order to proof the time validity after the mapping. This paper presents some guidelines on how to use SysML and MARTE profiles to identify design points fulfilling the timing constraints of an RTES, and thus allowing to automate DSE analysis within the system design phase.

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