The agronomic characterization of a genotype set is one of the basic steps to start a breeding program, as action strategies to search for new cultivars are defined through the knowledge of these characteristics. Thus, the aim of this study was to rescue and assess agronomic performance in accessions collected in traditional communities. Sweet potatoes were collected among "quilombos", indigenous villages, native populations and small farmers from Vale do Ribeira. The study was conducted at UNESP, Registro Campus, from February/2013 to August/2014. The experiment was set in a randomized blocks design with 95 accessions, two commercial cultivars, Brazlândia Branca and Brazlândia Roxa (controls), with three repetitions. Total commercial roots production, percentage of commercial roots production, total roots dry matter production, roots dry matter percentage, fresh branches production, total dry matter production in branches and dry matter percentage in branches were assessed. Accessions VR13-62, VR13-61, VR13-44, VR13-11 and VR13-14 demonstrated characteristics of roots for consumption and VR13-11 and VR13-14 for industry consumption due to the high dry matter percentage obtained per hectare; VR13-35, VR13-87 and VR13-22 are adequate for animal feed purposes. VR13-11, VR13-22 and VR13-58 accessions can be used for human and animal consumption; VR13-48 was suitable for home and industry consumption; and VR13-4 and VR13-31 was suitable for animal feed and industry consumption.Keywords: agronomic performance, germplasm, Ipomoea batatas, pre-breeding Caracterização agronômica de acessos de batata-doce ResumoA caracterização agronômica de um conjunto de genótipos é uma das etapas fundamentais no início de um programa de melhoramento, haja vista que a partir do conhecimento dessas características, define-se estratégias de ação na busca de novas cultivares. Desta forma, objetivouse avaliar agronomicamente acessos coletados em comunidades tradicionais. Foram realizadas coletas de batatas-doces em quilombos, aldeias indígenas, caiçaras e pequenos agricultores do Vale do Ribeira. A condução do estudo foi realizada em campo da Unesp-Campus de Registro, entre fevereiro/2013 e agosto/2014. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, com 95 acessos coletados e duas cultivares comerciais, Brazlândia Branca e Roxa (testemunhas), com três repetições. Foram avaliadas as características: produção total e comercial de raiz, percentagem de produção comercial de raízes, produção total de massa seca das raízes, percentagem de massa seca nas raízes, produção de ramas frescas, produção total de matéria seca nas ramas e percentagem de matéria seca nas ramas. Verificou-se que os acessos VR13-62, VR13-61, VR13-44, VR13-11 e VR13-14 são promissores para produção de raízes para consumo domiciliar; VR13-11 e VR13-14 são promissores para indústria; e, VR13-35, VR13-87 e VR13-82 são promissores para produção de ramas para alimentação animal. Os acessos VR13-11, VR13-22 e VR13-58 possuem dupla aptidão para consumo domiciliar e...

Palaemonid shrimps occur in the tropical and temperate regions of South America and the Indo-Pacific, in brack-ish/freshwater habitats, and marine coastal areas. They form a clade that recently (i.e., ~30 mya) invaded freshwater, and one included genus, Macrobrachium Bate, 1868, is especially successful in limnic habitats. Adult Macrobrachium acanthurus (Wiegmann, 1836) dwell in coastal freshwaters, have diadromous habit, and need brackish water to develop. Thus, they are widely recognized as euryhaline. Here we test how this species responds to a short-term exposure to increased salinity. We hypothesized that abrupt exposure to high salinity would result in reduced gill ventilation/perfusion and decreased oxygen consumption. Shrimps were subjected to control (0 psu) and experimental salinities (10, 20, 30 psu), for four and eight hours (n = 8 in each group). The water in the experimental containers was saturated with oxygen before the beginning of the experiment; aeration was interrupted before placing the shrimp in the experimental container. Dissolved oxygen (DO), ammonia concentration, and pH were measured from the aquaria water, at the start and end of each experiment. After exposure, the shrimp's hemolymph was sampled for lactate and osmolality assays. Muscle tissue was sampled for hydration content (Muscle Water Content, MWC). Oxygen consumption was not reduced and hemolymph lactate did not increase

The genetic variability within the crop species Ipomoea batatas is broad, hence, in order to support future breeding programs it is of the utmost importance that germplasm banks be created, conserved, and characterized. Therefore, the objective of this work was to rescue and evaluate the genetic divergence in sweet potato accessions collected in traditional communities of Vale do Ribeira Paulista. Sweet potato samples were collected from quilombos, indigenous villages, caiçaras communities, and small farms. The study was conducted between February 2013 and August 2014 in a randomized block design with three replications. Genetic material included 95 collected accessions and two commercial cultivars. Morphological characteristics of the accessions were evaluated and distances in the genetic distance matrix were estimated by means of multi-category variables, the data being subsequently clustered by the Tocher method. Analysis of the relative contribution of each characteristic and phenotypic correlation of descriptors was also performed. Results evidenced wide genetic diversity among the sweet potato accessions collected in Vale do Ribeira, which were not grouped according to the collection point. The descriptors that contributed more than 60% of genetic diversity included: leaf size, general leaf profile, immature leaf color, petiole pigmentation, predominant branch color, branch secondary color, stem length, cortical thickness, predominant periderm color, and periderm color intensity. Correlations between morphological descriptors was observed in 22.26% of the paired traits.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the survival of Serrasalmidaes fish, pure and hybrid, during periods of low temperature. The experiment was carried out from June to August 2016 (51 days) in an aquaculture station of São Paulo Agribusiness Technology Agency, Brazil. A diallel crossbreeding between pacu and tambaqui was performed by artificial reproduction, generating four genetic groups: pacu (♂ pacu × ♀ pacu), tambaqui (♂ tambaqui × ♀ tambaqui), paqui (♂ tambaqui × ♀ pacu), and tambacu (♂ pacu × ♀ tambaqui). Fish were distributed in 24 experimental plots (110 fingerlings of each groups per plot) and were fed twice daily with commercial diets containing three different levels of crude protein (CP): 24%, 28% and 32%. When the water temperature showed successive decreases due to the environmental climatic conditions, the ponds were monitored daily to record the mortality. The data on number of days of life of animals were submitted to Cox multivariate regression analysis to test the effects of the genetic group, CP levels and the interaction between the two factors. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were adjusted for factors that had a significant effect on the Cox regression analysis. The pacu group presented higher survival than other groups, regardless of the CP level in the diet. The tambaqui and paqui groups were more susceptible to environmental conditions, especially when fed a diet containing a higher level of CP. Overall, purebred pacu presented greater adaptation to the production conditions in the region where the experiment was carried out. However, if the aim is the production of hybrid fish, crosses between pacu males and tambaqui females (Tambacu) generate fish that are resistant to low temperatures.

Palavras-chave: Avaliação energética econômica, balanço energético, eficiência energética 1 Parte da Tese de Doutorado do primeiro autor intitulada "Avaliação energética econômica da cultura do milho em assentamento rural, Iperó-SP". 2 2 Aluno do Programa de Pós-graduação em Agronomia -Energia na Agricultura, FCA/UNESP,

RESUMOIntrodução: O aleitamento materno (AM) é uma estratégia de promoção da saúde e requer compreensão dos determinantes associados à sua interrupção. Objetivos: Determinar a prevalência de intercorrências relacionadas à amamentação em puérperas de maternidade filantrópica do interior de São Paulo associando-as com as variáveis sociodemográficas e clínico-obstétricas. Método: Estudo exploratório descritivo realizado no período de maio a setembro de 2011. Aplicado questionário às puérperas em duas etapas, durante a internação, e realizado contato telefônico após 15 dias para acompanhamento da amamentação. Resultados: Das 123 puérperas pesquisadas, 29 apresentaram intercorrências mamárias, com prevalência de 23,5%, e na segunda etapa 23,6% das mães referiram aparecimento de fissuras. Os resultados para as variáveis sociodemográficas e clínico-obstétricas não apresentaram significância estatística com as intercorrências mamárias, exceto para horas de vida do recém-nascido (RN) no momento da entrevista, quantidade de mamadas observadas e pigmentação do mamilo. Conclusão: As intercorrências mamárias encontradas indicaram prevalência de 23,5% com predomínio de trauma nos mamilos. Palavras-chave: período pós-parto; aleitamento materno; prevalência; cuidado pré-natal; relações mãe-filho. ABSTRACT Introduction:Breastfeeding is a health promotion strategy and requires comprehension of the motives related with its discontinuation. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of complications related to breastfeeding among postpartum women in philanthropic maternities in countryside cities of the state of São Paulo, and relate it with sociodemographic and clinical and obstetric variables. Method: An exploratory and descriptive study conducted from May to September 2011. Questionnaire applied on postpartum women in two stages, during hospitalization and telephone contact after 15 days in order to follow-up the breastfeeding process. Results: Of the 123 mothers surveyed, 29 had breast complications, with a prevalence of 23.5 and 23.6% of the mothers reported appearance of cracks in the second stage of the process. The results of the sociodemographic, clinical and obstetric variables were not statistically significant with breast complications, except for hours of the newborn's life at the time of interview, number of observed feedings and pigmentation of the nipple. Conclusion: Mammary complications found indicated prevalence of 23.5% with predominance of nipple trauma.

O Vale do Ribeira - SP, localizado entre dois importantes estados do Brasil, apresenta os maiores e mais preservados remanescentes contínuos de Mata Atlântica. A região, uma das primeiras a ser colonizadas no País sendo, portanto, testemunha de vários ciclos econômicos, tem apresentado os mais baixos índices de desenvolvimento do Estado de São Paulo. As extensas Áreas de Preservação têm sido apontadas como responsáveis por esses baixos índices. Assim, busca-se com esse trabalho contribuir para um melhor entendimento de uma discussão corrente no Vale do Ribeira, associada à preservação como precursora do subdesenvolvimento. Através de levantamento bibliográfico, foram identifi cados eventos históricos e dados de institutos de pesquisa que comprovam que a questão está mais ligada à falta de atenção às particularidades sociais e econômicas do que propriamente às questões ambientais.

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