Power quality measurement integrated in energy meters are presented as a potential benefit by some manufacturers. The Norwegian regulator has considered making minimum requirements for energy meters to include registration of interruptions. SINTEF Energy Research has performed tests on energy meters with power quality measurement capabilities. These tests include the ability to detect interruptions, supply voltage variations, voltage dips, among others. Results presented in this paper show large differences in capabilities for power quality measurement of 'smart' energy meters. The results also show that the power quality measurements are not according to international standards for such measurements like EN50160 [1], IEC 61000-4-30 [2] and others.
The concept of Demand Response (DR) has been growing strongly in the last few years. Many projects have been deployed as well in an attempt to push customers and loads to participate more in the power system. One of the most ambitious projects in that area is the EU FP7 project named EcoGrid EU. In this project, it is attempted to use close to real time market prices in order to provide additional balancing resources from flexible consumption. This paper presents the work developed in that project regarding price elasticity and availability of process loads with internal relations and saturation restrictions. An industrial compressed air system, equipped with a compressed air storage unit and an electrical water heater are used as examples of flexible loads. The paper discusses how the volatility in the real time price and the quality of the price forecast consequently affects the energy costs and efficiency of this group of flexible consumer loads. Simulation results, which show the benefits of such system and possible threats to those benefits, are presented.
The number of small scale generation units (or Distributed Generation (DG)) worldwide is increasing rapidly. Norway has a large potential for hydropower which leads to expectations that the number of small scale hydro generation units to be connected to the MV distribution system will increase in the years to come. However, as more DG connects, more challenges are induced into the distribution system. In order to ensure stable and secure system operation, several rules and regulations are necessary. This paper focuses on the network code proposed by the European Network of Transmission System Operators for Electricity (ENTSO-E) in June 2012, which, when applied in Norway, will introduce new requirements both to the DG owners and distribution system operators (DSOs). The paper discusses some of the changes the new network code will likely impose on the distribution network operators and on the existing and future DG units in the distribution system.
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