Methodology for planning of distributed generation in weak grids

Possible impacts of the new ENTSO-E network code on distribution power systems in Norway

“…In Norway, DG covers generating units with a maximum production capacity of 10 MW. Up to this value, we can find micro power plants (up to 100 kW), mini power plants (from 100 kW up to 1 MW) and small power plants (from 1 MW up to 10 MW) [8].…”

“…Approximately 98,5% of the country electricity production is based in hydroelectric power plants [7] and it holds a great potential for small scale hydroelectric generation units. In 2008, there were around 800 small scale hydroelectric power plants that represented 71% of the total number of hydro power plants but only 5% of the total installed hydro capacity [8]. The remaining potential for small scale hydro power plants is estimated to be about 18,5 TWh [7].…”

“…In total, Norway has around 150 DSOs operating distribution networks [8]. These distribution networks are very different, varying from DSOs that operate large sparse networks covering very large areas to DSOs that operate small, meshed networks that cover only one city area.…”

Fuzzy‐supervisory control of a hybrid system to improve contractual grid support with fuzzy proportional–derivative and integral control for power quality improvement

“…In other occasions, the locations of penetration of the renewable energy generators are far down line the distribution feeders, where local overloading of the lines in terms of active and reactive powers, during peak load periods may be chargeable with extra cost [4][5][6]. In such cases, often there is a scheduled power contract between the microgrid systems and the grid exceeding which leads to higher economic losses in way of power bills [7,8]. Therefore, for such grid-tied microgrids, power dispatch should be increased as far as possible to aid the grid for meeting the local power demand.…”

Framework and methodology for active distribution grid planning in Norway

“…To contribute to closing this gap between current practice and the scientific state of the art, we present here a framework for active distribution grid planning based on the traditional planning framework commonly used by Norwegian distribution grid companies [3]. The traditional framework has previously been described and extended in [4,5], and we also build upon the work of the CIGRÉ WG C6.19 [1]. The objective has been to combine the new elements from active distribution grid planning into a framework that the grid companies are familiar with and that is adapted to Norwegian conditions.…”