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To test the effectiveness of different bioregulators in enhancing bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) yield and fruit quality, the commercial bioregulators CCC, NAA, GA3, and Biozyme® were sprayed on plants at flower initiation, followed by two additional applications at 30-day intervals. Biozyme produced a significant increase in total yield but ≈40% of the fruit were not marketable. Treatment with NAA produced the highest yield of marketable fruit. Treatments did not affect fruit firmness compared to the control. Gibberellic acid increased fruit ascorbic acid and citric acid concentrations and Biozyme, GA3, and CCC increased fruit soluble solids content. Biozyme treatment increased fruit fructose, sucrose, carotenoid, and lycopene concentration. Treatments had no effect on fruit calcium concentration or pH. Chemical names used: chlormequat chloride (CCC); naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), gibberellic acid (GA3); GA3 + IAA (indoIe-3-acetic acid) + zeatine + micronutrients (Biozyme®).

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<p>The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of seasons under a tropical climate on forage quality, as well the effect of an <em>Urochloa brizantha </em>cv. Marandu grazing system on enteric methane (CH₄) emissions from Nellore cattle in the Southeast region of Brazil. Sixteen Nellore steers (18 months old and initial weight 318.0 ± 116.59 kg of LW; final weight 469 ± 98.50 kg of LW) were used for a trial period of 10 months, with four collection periods in winter (August), spring (December), summer (February) and autumn (May). Each collection period consisted of 28 days, corresponding to the representative month of each season where the last six days were designed for methane data collection. Animals were randomly distributed within 16 experimental plots, distributed in four random blocks over four trial periods. CH₄ emissions were determined using the sulphur hexafluoride (SF₆) tracer gas technique measured by gas chromatography and fluxes of CH₄ calculated. The forage quality was characterized by higher CP and IVDMD and lower lignin contents in spring, differing specially from winter forage. Average CH₄ emissions were between 102.49 and 220.91 g d^-1 (37.4 to 80.6 kg ani^-1 yr^-1); 16.89 and 30.20 g kg^-1 DMI; 1.35 and 2.90 Mcal ani^-1 d^-1; 0.18 and 0.57 g kg^-1 ADG^-1 and 5.05 and 8.76% of GE. Emissions in terms of CO₂ equivalents were between 4.68 and 14.22 g CO₂-eq^-1 g^-1 ADG. Variations in CH₄ emissions were related to seasonal effect on the forage quality and variations in dry matter intake.</p>

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