This research aimed to evaluate the insecticide potential of the leaves extract of Piper aduncum (L.) (Piperaceae) on development of brown stink bug, Euschistus heros (F.), major pest in soybean crop in Mato Grosso
Plant essential oils have been recognized as significant natural resources for insecticides. Herein, we have assessed the toxicity of the essential oil of Piper aduncum (Piperaceae) against Euschistus heros (F.) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), a key soybean pest in Neotropical America. In addition, we have assessed its effect on the performance of egg parasitoids. The essential oil was obtained from the leaves of P. aduncum via hydrodistillation. Subsequently, bioassays of the concentration response to eggs (contact and immersion methods), nymphs, and adults (topical application) were conducted, to assess the lethal effects on the stink bug. We also evaluated the performance of parasitism and adult emergence of egg parasitoids, when the host eggs were treated with essential oil. In the egg bioassay, both exposure methods were efficient for unviable eggs (immersion LC = 15.64 mg mL; contact LC = 21.29 mg mL), with the highlight on the immersion method. The bioassay with nymphs indicated a higher toxicity of essential oil, with lower concentrations (LC = 11.37 mg mL) being required to cause the death of insects. For adults, a reduction in survival of insects was observed, and consequently, there was a reduction in the number of individuals in the next generation. Although the essential oil was toxic to E. heros, it exhibited lower toxicity for egg parasitoids, as there was no effect on parasitism and the emergence of wasps. We discuss likely explanations for such selectivity. In summary, we found that the essential oil was promising for the control of E. heros, because it caused deleterious effects at all development stages of the stink bug and had no effect on parasitism and emergence of the egg parasitoids, which suggested compatibility with biological control.
Resumo: Os quintais são espaços de uso, manejo e conservação de diferentes espécies vegetais contribuindo para a renda familiar e segurança alimentar das famílias. O objetivo no presente estudo foi fazer um levantamento das espécies em quintais do Bairro Jardim Florianópolis em Cuiabá, Mato Grosso. A pesquisa foi conduzida através de entrevistas semiestruturadas, associadas às técnicas de "bola de neve" e turnê-guiada. Foram registradas 58 espécies pertencentes a 52 gêneros e 27 famílias, destacando-se as famílias Arecaceae (7 spp.), Araceae (5 spp.), Liliaceae (5 spp.) Myrtaceae (4 spp.) e Rubiaceae (4 spp.). A maior parte das espécies são exóticas (75,86%). As plantas são classificadas pelos moradores em ornamentais, alimentícias e medicinais. O uso ornamental representou 62,5%, o medicinal 21,5% e o alimentício apenas 16%. As espécies ornamentais de hábito herbáceo são as mais importantes com predominância da família Arecaceae.
Palavras-chave: Agricultura urbana; Arecaceae; CerradoAbstract: Homegardens are spaces for the use, management and conservation of different plant species contributing to family income and household food security. The aim of this study was to survey the species in homegardens of Jardim Florianópolis neighborhood in Cuiabá, Mato Grosso. The research was conducted through semi-structured interviews, associated with snowball and tour-guided techniques. A total of 58 species belonging to 52 genera and 27 families were recorded, including the families Arecaceae (7 spp.), Araceae (5 spp.), Liliaceae (5 spp.) Myrtaceae (4 spp.) and Rubiaceae. Most species are exotic (75.86%). The ornamental use represented 62.5%, the medicinal 21.5% and the food only 16%. The ornamental species of herbaceous habit are the most important with predominance of the family Arecaceae.
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