SRC remains associated with severe morbidity and mortality. CS might increase the risk of developing SRC. Further studies are needed to confirm these results.

Desenvolvimento tecnológico e extensão inovadora em atenção básica e educação em saúde coletiva Saúde em Redes. 2017; 3 (1):40-49 40 ARTIGO ORIGINAL

BackgroundStudies aimed at understanding the association between induced abortion and HIV are scarce and differ on the direction of the association. This paper aims to show the prevalence of induced abortion in a sample of pregnancies of women living and not living with HIV/Aids, determining variables associated with pregnancy termination and linked to the life course of women and to the specific context of the pregnancy.MethodsData came from a cross-sectional study, using interviewer-administered questionnaire, developed with women that attended public health services in Porto Alegre, Brazil. A generalized estimating equation model with logit link measured the association between determinants and abortion.FindingsThe final sample was composed of 684 women living with HIV/Aids (2,039 pregnancies) and 639 women not living with HIV/Aids (1,539 pregnancies). The prevalence of induced abortion among pregnancies in women living with HIV/Aids was 6.5%, while in women not living with HIV/Aids was 2.9%. Among women living with HIV/Aids, the following were associated with induced abortion in the multivariable analysis: being older, having a higher education level, having had more sexual partners (i.e., variables linked to the life course of women), having had children prior to the index pregnancy and living with a sexual partner during pregnancy (i.e., variables linked to the context of each pregnancy). On the other hand, among women not living with HIV/Aids, only having a higher education level and having had more sexual partners (i.e., determinants linked to the life course of women) were associated with voluntary pregnancy termination in multivariable analysis.ConclusionAlthough determinants are similar between women living and not living with HIV/Aids, prevalence of induced abortion is higher among pregnancies in women living with HIV/Aids, pointing to their greater social vulnerability and to the need for public policy to address prevention and treatment of HIV associated with reproductive issues.

Resumo: Os homens são o principal grupo afetado pela infecção do HIV no Brasil, com tendência de crescimento nos últimos dez anos. Nos dados oficiais, os homens heterossexuais representam 49% dos casos, os homossexuais 38% e os bissexuais 9,1%. Os homens heterossexuais ficaram subsumidos na categoria de “população geral”, não recebendo destaque em políticas ou ações de prevenção. O presente artigo se propõe a analisar as circunstâncias e estratégias por meio das quais os homens heterossexuais descobrem o diagnóstico do HIV. Busca-se, assim, compreender os caminhos percorridos, bem como os atores sociais envolvidos no diagnóstico de HIV/aids. Os dados analisados resultam de uma pesquisa qualitativa na qual foram entrevistados 36 homens vivendo com HIV/aids que não se identificam como homossexuais e/ou bissexuais. Esses homens foram contatados em três serviços especializados em aids de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Os resultados indicam que eles se consideram imunes ao HIV, sendo o diagnóstico um evento inesperado. As mulheres (parceiras afetivo-sexuais e/ou ex-parceiras) são peças fundamentais para o diagnóstico masculino, pois revelam, seja pelo pré-natal, seja pelo adoecimento, a presença do HIV. Uma parcela importante dos homens se descobre soropositivo por ocasião de alguma doença, como a tuberculose, ou após várias idas e vindas dos serviços de saúde. A busca pela testagem de forma espontânea só acontece mediante a identificação de situações e sinais associados a uma possível contaminação. Os homens heterossexuais possuem poucas oportunidades de diagnóstico do HIV e, para além do gênero, são sujeitos à vulnerabilidade programática.

The study aimed to evaluate the adequacy of low-risk prenatal care, as recommended by the Ministry of Health, concerning the minimum number of consultations, and identify possible associated factors. Prenatal care was evaluated in a historical cohort study of 95 pregnant women. Over 50% of the women underwent six or more prenatal consultations. The beginning of the prenatal care began in the first trimester of the gestation for 52% of the women, 84.2% of the women did all their prenatal medical tests, and only 16.8% had postpartum consultations. Prenatal assistance was considered adequate for 2.1% of the sample. A higher number of prenatal consultation was observed among women who had a partner and who had other children. The records reveal a low adequacy level with all minimum criteria established and few factors seem to explain this scenario.

This cross-sectional study focused on the sexual and reproductive health of women living with HIV, by age group, in the city of Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. The sample consisted of 691 women. Differences were observed in number of pregnancies and number of children. History of illicit drug use was more frequent in the 18-34-year age group, and exchanging sex for money was more frequent among women 18-29 years of age. This sample of women living with HIV treated in specialized public services in Southern Brazil showed a socioeconomic profile and sexual behavior that did not match the pattern typically identified in the process of "feminization" of the epidemic (with a majority of poor women with low schooling and a limited number of sexual partners). The study provides evidence of factors characterizing women's vulnerability to HIV infection, differing by age and raising specific demands for healthcare services.

In locations with a high rate of tuberculosis (TB) and HIV infection, there are a number of strategies to prevent negative outcomes such as opportunistic infections, hospitalizations and death, and this article investigates risk factors for the occurrence of hospitalization and death in cases of TB/HIV co-infection in the south of Brazil. The data are taken from a population-based retrospective cohort study on cases of TB/HIV co-infection from 2009 to 2013 in Porto Alegre, Brazil. Sociodemographic, epidemiological and clinical variables were analyzed. Relative risk (RR) estimates for hospitalization and death were determined by regression models. There were 2,419 co-infection cases, of which 1,527 (63.1%) corresponded to hospitalizations, and 662 (27.4%) to death. The occurrence of hospitalization was associated with ≤ 7 years of schooling (RR = 3.47, 95%CI: 1.97–6.29), 8–11 years of schooling (RR = 2.56, 95%CI: 1.44–4.69), place of origin—district health authorities Northwest/Humaitá/Navegantes/Ilhas (RR = 2.01, 95%CI: 1.44–2.82), type of entry into the surveillance system as in cases of reentry after withdrawal (RR = 1,35, 95%CI: 1.07–1.70), closure in surveillance as in withdrawal of treatment (RR = 1.47, 95%CI: 1.18–1.83) and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (RR = 3.94, 95%CI: 1.97–8.81). The occurrence of death was associated with age (RR = 1.07, 95%CI: 1,01–1,14), ≤ 7 years of schooling (RR = 3.94, 95%CI: 2.26–7.09), 8–11 years of schooling (RR = 2.84, 95%CI: 1.61–5.16), place of origin—district health authorities Baltazar (RR = 2.05, 95%CI: 1.48–2.86), type of entry in the surveillance system as cases of re-entry after withdrawal (RR = 1.53, 95%CI: 1.22–1.91), relapse (RR = 1.33, 95%CI: 1.03–1.73). The occurrence of hospitalizations and deaths is high among co-infected patients. Our estimation approach is important in order to identify, from the surveillance data, the risk factors for hospitalization and death in co-infected patients, so that they may receive more attention from the Brazilian national healthcare system.

O artigo apresenta o desenvolvimento e a validação inicial de um Índice de Vulnerabilidade Social - IVS-5, incluindo cinco determinantes sociais de risco à saúde, e exemplifica sua aplicação no financiamento da atenção básica pelo Sistema Único de Saúde no Rio Grande do Sul. Indicadores municipais de vulnerabilidade relativa à pobreza e dispersão populacional foram obtidos do Censo do IBGE-2010. A análise fatorial exploratória e a análise fatorial confirmatória sugerem que os cinco itens podem constituir uma escala de medida cuja confiabilidade é aceitável. O IVS-5 foi então gerado a partir do primeiro componente principal, medindo, em escores Z, desigualdades municipais na vulnerabilidade social relativa à pobreza e dispersão populacional no território. A validade externa do IVS-5 foi examinada em relação a desfechos de saúde, usando dados do Datasus 2007-2011, mostrando que a mortalidade infantil e as hospitalizações por condições sensíveis à atenção básica são maiores em municípios mais vulneráveis. Os resultados sugerem que o IVS-5 é medida válida de desigualdades na vulnerabilidade social entre municípios, aplicável a políticas de equidade social e em saúde.