Phytochemical screening and preliminary clinical trials of the aqueous extract mixture of Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Wall. ex Nees and Syzygium polyanthum (Wight.) Walp leaves in metformin treated patients with type 2 diabetes
Egg whites traditionally used for the treatment of burns. In this research, egg white was formulated as gel dosage form for easy to use and covered unpleasant odor. The aim of the study was to determined effectivity of egg white in gel dosage form against the healing of superficial partial thickness burns (second degree) on white rats (Rattus novergicus) Wistar strain with parameters were macrophages, fibroblasts, collagen deposit density and wound healing. Research subject were male white rats aged 3 months. Second degree burns on the back of rat with a diameter of 2 cm were made by using a hot coin with temperature 80 ° C for 20 seconds. 18 white rats divided into 3 groups of treatment that is negative control using 0.9% NaCl, positive control using Bioplacenton®, and 40% egg white gel as treatment. Based on the experimental results, white egg gel given topically decreased the number of macrophages and increase the number of fibroblasts, increase the density of collagen deposits and speed up wound healing on second degree burns. White egg gel had significantly difference with negative control of NaCl 0.9% and no significantly difference with Bioplasenton as positive control.
Snakehead fish (Channa striata) have high albumin content, a protein needed for cell development and the formation of new tissue. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of snakehead fish extract emulgel given topically on incision wounds in white rats. The parameters of wound healing consist of wound length, a number of neutrophils, macrophages, fibroblasts and density of collagen. The white rats divide into three groups of (n = 6), one group was given the emulgel base as the negative control, one group of povidone-iodine as the positive control, and one group of snakehead fish extract 10% emulgel. White rats were sacrificed on the third and seventh days for microscopic observations. The results showed that snakehead fish extract emulgel can accelerate incision wound healing: decrease wound length, increase the number of neutrophil and macrophages cells, increase the average number of fibroblasts and increase collagen density on white rats.
Background: Diabetic gangrene is a chronic complication of diabetes mellitus caused by neuropathy, blood vessel disorders, and infection by Staphylococcus aureus. S.sonchifolius leaves contains flavonoid as hypoglycemic agents and sesquiterpene lactones as antibacterial. Unfortunately, oral administration of S. sonchifolius leaves infusion causes kidney toxicity. Objective: The aimed of the study was to determine the effectiveness of the transdermal patch of S. sonchifolius leaves ethanol extract on gangrene wound healing with macroscopic parameters and neoangiogenesis of gangrenous wounds in white rats that have been induced by diabetes mellitus. Material and Methods: This study used 4 treatment groups: positive control (Bevalex® cream), negative control (patch without S. sonchifolius leaves extract), F1 (S. sonchifolius leaves patch without enhancer), and F2 (S. sonchifolius leaves patch with Tween 60 as enhancer). The dose of S. sonchifolius leaves given was 400 mg/kg BW. Alloxan-induced diabetic rat feet were injected with S. aureus to form gangrene. Observations were made on the 7th and 14th days. Results: Based on the Wagner-Meggit scale on macroscopic observations, administration of a transdermal patch of S. sonchifolius leaves accelerates gangrene healing. The statistical results of neoangiogenesis on the 7th and 14th days showed a significant difference (p<0.05) between the positive control, F1, and F2 to the negative control. F2 showed the highest angiogenesis on day 7 (114.00 ± 5,00) and 14 (161.00 ± 5.29) compared to all groups. Tween 60 as enhancer increase the number of angiogenesis. Both F1 and F2 did not show a significant difference to the positive control. Conclusion: S. sonchifolius leaves ethanol extract patch accelerated the diabetic gangrene healing process based on macroscopic and neoangiogenesis observation on the 7th and 14th days. Toxicity examination in white rats are needed before clinical study in human.
<p><span lang="EN-US">Diabetes melitus adalah penyakit metabolik yang ditandai dengan hiperglikemia akibat kelainan sekresi insulin, kerja insulin atau keduanya. Salah satu permasalahan yang dihadapi dalam pengobatan pasien diabetes adalah kepatuhan terhadap terapi obat. Daun insulin (<em>Smallantus sonchifolius</em>) memiliki efek menurunkan kadar gula darah, tetapi pada penggunaan jangka panjang per oral dapat menimbulkan efek samping terbentuknya lesi ginjal. Rute penghantaran alternatif untuk meningkatkan kepatuhan pasien dan menurunkan efek samping adalah penghantaran transdermal. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui efek <em>patch</em> transdermal ekstrak etanol daun insulin terhadap kadar gula darah dan gambaran histopatologi pankreas tikus. Tikus putih yang telah diinduksi aloksan dibagi menjadi 6 kelompok perlakuan yaitu: kontrol positif (metformin per oral), <em>patch</em> tanpa ekstrak daun insulin dengan peningkat penetrasi <em>Tween 60</em>, <em>patch</em> tanpa ekstrak daun insulin dengan peningkat penetrasi <em>Span 80</em>, <em>patch</em> ekstrak daun insulin dengan <em>Tween 60</em>, dan <em>patch</em> ekstrak daun insulin dengan <em>Span 80</em>. Dosis ekstrak etanol daun insulin yang digunakan sebesar 400 mg/kgBB. Pengamatan terhadap kadar gula darah dan gambaran histopatologi pankreas dilakukan selama 14 hari. Analisis data menggunakan Anova satu jalan. Penggunaan <em>patch</em> transdermal ekstrak daun insulin menurunkan gula darah tikus sejak hari ke-1 dan pada hari ke-9 menghasilkan kadar gula darah tikus lebih rendah dibandingkan metformin per oral. Penambahan peningkat penetrasi <em>Tween 60</em> dan <em>Span 80</em> meningkatkan penurunan kadar gula darah. Hasil yang sama juga didapatkan pada parameter gambaran histopatologi pankreas tikus. Berdasar hasil penelitian, pemberian <em>patch</em> transdermal ekstrak etanol daun insulin (<em>Smallanthus sonchifolius</em>) dapat menurunkan kadar glukosa darah dan mempengaruhi gambaran hispatologi pankreas pada tikus putih. </span></p>
To meet information related to the COVID-19 pandemic, people usually search the internet, most of this is YouTube, which is the dominant source finding information. The purpose of this community service was to provide valid information in terms of pharmaceutical science, easy to understand by the public regarding the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 so that people can behave appropriately. The method was carried out by providing audiovisual information related to the COVID-19 pandemic through the “Pharmacy Community News” YouTube channel. The evaluation was measured by the number of viewers and the number of comments on the video. Educational videos made by students of the Faculty of Pharmacy UKWMS based on research journals under the guidance of lecturers. The information presented includes the themes: hand sanitizers and disinfectants; hoaxes related to COVID-19; vitamins and herbal as immunomodulators; guidelines of COVID-19 treatment and others related to COVID-19. For a year, these videos have been viewed 18,969 times and received 1490 times comments as responses from the public. Based on this data, we can conclude that health education related to COVID-19 during the pandemic through the Youtube channel can reach the wider community and can provide the valid information.
Piper nigrum L fructus with active compound piperin had been known have an analgesic effect. Ethanol extract of Piper nigrum formulated to transdermal patch to reduce side effect of analgesic oral. The aim of this research was to know the effect of sodium lauryl sulphate, Tween 80, isopropyl myristate as enhancer of transdermal patch ethanolic extract of Piper nigrum L. Analgesic effect of Piper nigrum L. carried out by writhing method after acetic acid induction in mice. Parameters used were the number of writhing and macrophage from peritoneal fluid of mice at the end of this study. Based on this study, ethanol extract of Piper nigrum had an analgesic effect. The used of sodium lauryl sulphate 5%, Tween 80 5%, isopropyl myristate6% as enhancer increased the analgesic effect of Piper nigrum L.
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